Excavated rooms in another of the oldest sections of the San Pedro Viejo ruins. 
the excavations is the ancient cornfield and farther on the Arroyo San Pedro. 
San Pedro Mountains. View looking east 
themselves deeply into the life and char- 
acter of the native people and have 
largely made them what they are. 
Town-building in the Southwest had 
its beginning in the distant past and 
reached its climax before the arrival of 
the white man. The first native settlers 
(at least-in the northeastern section of 
the pueblo area) who have left definite 
traces of themselves, appear to have 
lived in more or less thickly scattered 
small houses of one or two rooms. Just 
what relation these small-house dwellers 
bore to later village dwellers is not yet 
390 
Directly beyond 
In the distance are the 
clear, except in so far as their general 
mode of life appears to have been identi- 
cal. The question as to what brought 
about town-building is not easily an- 
swered. One may be strongly inclined 
to say that the Indian village (of which 
there are several types) had its origin 
in bare economic necessity. This as- 
sertion cannot however entirely preclude 
social and defensive considerations, and 
so, if we are to be on safe ground, we must 
allow credit to all three factors — eco- 
‘nomic, defensive and social. 
The particular type of pueblo studied 
