394 
must think that their safety lay in well- 
organized defense. What more natural 
therefore, than that they should have 
coéperated in the planning and construc- 
tion of large houses, capable of sheltering 
every family or household of the group 
and especially adapted for defense? 
Large communal houses are frequently 
found which must have been two to five 
or more stories high and which contained 
several hundred rooms. The majority 
of the ruined villages contain a series of 
these large houses, arranged on a quad- 
rangular plan; this arrangement being 
also, clearly, an element of defense. 
In other words the typical village 
finally evolved in the area under in- 
vestigation by the Museum is suggestive 
THE AMERICAN MUSEUM JOURNAL 
of our modern apartment-house cities 
but differed from them in this funda- 
mental respect; that the Indian built 
his houses where our streets are and left 
intervening blocks open, not for the sake 
of light and air perhaps, but as places 
for industrial and social activities. 
That type of village is now practically 
extinct. The Indian need no longer 
guard himself against marauding neigh- 
bors and the government stands ready 
to help him with his irrigation projects. 
Schooling has also had its effect on the 
younger generation. The compact com- 
munal settlements are breaking up and 
the Pueblo Indian is returning once more 
to the life in separate and scattered 
houses like his ancient forefathers. 
ro 
ye 
Excavated room in the San Pedro Viejo ruin, showing two bins and one fireplace — the latter set 
into the floor; also some of the mealing stones and cooking slabs found in the debris 
