278 Dr Hiszert on the Limestone of Calder, &c. 
1st, The Fresh-Water Limestones of Calder. 
At East Calder, and to the south-west of Mid-Calder, the limestone which is 
there quarried appears, like that of Burdiehouse, to have a fresh-water origin. Its 
strata have undergone great derangement, and dip in various directions. In one of 
the quarries of East Calder, where a good section is exposed, the lowest rock is said 
to be sandstone, above which the following strata may be enumerated in an ascend- 
ing order :—A yellowish coarse limestone, 16 feet thick ;—limestone, 43 feet thick, 
in which vegetable remains are contained, such as are usually found in coal-fields, 
and, along with these, scales of the Megalichthys have been discovered ;—nine feet of 
a very bituminous shale, part of which burns readily, mixed with ironstone ;—shale 
(named Blaes) 16 feet ;—and, at the top of the series, an alluvial covering of clay, 
sand, &e. in which large boulders occur. 
2d, The Fresh- Water Limestone of Burntisland. 
A very deep-seated bed of fresh-water limestone is to be found in the road from 
Newbigging to Burntisland in Fifeshire. It also crops out on the north of the 
Bin Hill. It is comparatively a small bed, being at Newbigging not more than 
eighteen feet thick. Plants as well as Coprolites are contained in it. 
L have collected numerous details regarding this very deep seated deposit, but, 
as I have not space to enter into them, I shall merely remark, that its geological si- 
tuation appears in a section of the beds exposed between Burntisland and Seafield 
town, which has been published by Dr Bour’. This excellent geologist did not lose 
sight of the important fact that the limestone of Burntisland contained the remains 
of plants. (See Essai Géologique sur U Ecosse, par A. Bove’, p. 472.) 
3d, The Fresh-water Limestone of Kirkton, near Bathgate, indicative of ancient Thermal 
Waters. 
I regret most exceedingly, that I have only space to give a mere outline of this 
very interesting deposit. 
From Bathgate to Linlithgow, a distance of about six miles, a long line of fissure 
extending from SS.W. to NN-E. may be traced, by which deep seated beds of lime- 
stone are brought to view. Near Linlithgow an eruption of trap occurs, but as out- 
crops of limestone reappear in the noted quarry of Limekilns in Fifeshire, near the 
seat of the Earl of Exery, it is probable that the line of fissure has been prolonged 
across the Firth of Forth in the same direction of NN.E. 
A mile or two to the east of Bathgate, at Kirkton, we find that a very consider- 
able outbreak of greenstone has occurred, Close to it on the west appears the lime- 
stone of Kirkton. By this contiguity we are assured, that the limestone must have 
been elaborated within the immediate sphere and influence of an extensive volcanic 
eruption. The consequence has been, that one of the most unique formations of 
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