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Non-Hellenie Portion of the Latin Language. 549 
induced plain writers like Virruvius or Patiaptvs to have called wooden cramps 
a chain of linked rings. Some other etymon is therefore required, and this we 
have in the Cumrian, cadwyn or cadwen, plur. cadwynae, “a chain or bond 
(see Ow. Dict.), root, Cadw, “ to keep, preserve, or save.” This verb must, there- 
fore, have once formed a part of the Latin language, and perhaps of other lan- 
guages also, as the Greek xadoc, the Latin cadus, and the English caddie, signify a 
vessel which will hold or keep things. From the same root came catinum, a 
deep dish or pot, and its diminutive catellus, our kettle. The change of the Cum- 
rian d into the Latin t. is almost invariable, as Luoyp has remarked, who 
adds in another place, ‘‘ The Spaniards, to mention once for all, agree with us 
in changing the Latin t into d, and the p into b, especially in the middle syl- 
lables. In the termination their d often answers our dd (pronounced th soft as 
in the), which we also formerly writ only one d.” 
Cirrus, and diminutive cippulus. “ Valli genus ex trunco arboris, unde et Vet. Gloss. 
xoguoy, truncum exponit.” Forcell. under the word. It also signified a terminus, 
and sometimes stocks, of which meaning the Italian “ ceppo” remains yet a living 
witness. Now, under the Cumrian “ c¥f,” pronounced “ keef,” we have in OwEnx’s 
Dict. the following explanation :—* A stock, a stem, trunk or body, a stump ; cyf 
pren, a stump of a tree, plural, cyfion (pronounced cuffion)-stocks (hence Anglice 
hand-cuffs).”_ The diminutive “ cippil,” means also “ a stump of a tree with the 
branches dried on,” which suits the description given by Casar of his “ cippi.” 
Crumena and Crumina. A leathern bag or purse, from croven, an outside crust, 
whence croen and croenen, a skin or hide; on the same principle as purse comes 
from Bugon, a hide. 
Crcura, hemlock, a pipe ; also a “ fistula ad canendum apta.” In Humph. Lloyd’s Bri- 
tish Etymologicon “ cecut” is put down as an old Cum, form of this word. The 
common name is cegid or coegyd, * the hollow one,” from coeg, hollow. Sxrrvius 
observes, ‘‘ Cicuta autem est spatium quod est inter cannarum nodos,” “ the cicuta 
(or hollow) is that space which is between the knots of the reeds.” 
Cunervs, a wedge, from Cum. cun or cfn, “ a head, first part or wedge, also a chi- 
sel.”. Quotation in Ow. Dict., gyrrii r cfin a gerdo, “ to drive the wedge that 
will go.” , 
CanrPEntTUM, a carriage, a longer form of Cum. car-ven (see Benna), a cart. It might 
have been originally spelt carmen, and hence the “ porta Carmentalis” of Rome, 
if this was not derived from leading to the Arx Carventana before mentioned. 
To trace its name to an imaginary mother of as imaginary an Evanprr, was 
only an old woman’s tale. 
Copex, or Caupex, “ the body, trunk, stump, or stock of a tree,” from Cum. “ coed, 
trees, Coeden, a standing tree.” In Latin it signifies secondarily a book, but 
never bears that meaning in Welsh. 
= SS ee eee ee ae 
1 De Bello Gall. Lib. vii. cap. 73. * Vire. Eclogues, ii. b. 36. 
AT Aue 
