556 Rev. Mr Wrtuiams on one Source of the 
That it was a Gallic word we know well, as Strazo, when speaking of the 
Gauls in general, writes, rag amaor G2 ds eximay rein QuAM ray ryLmrevan OreDegovlus ears 
Bugdor, re xo Ovarersy nour Aguidcs.  Beegdor pucr dunras ne rola, Oucles de 1eQOTFOIOL HOA 
pusiwroyol, Aguidas re me0s 7 Quoiroyic, nou rmy noixmy Pirocopiay aoxovew. * But among 
all the Gauls, there are three classes of men who are held in especial honour, 
Bards, Vates, and Druids. The Bards are singers and poets; the Vates sacred 
ministers and natural philosophers; the Druids to physiology add the study of 
moral philosophy.” It was this sacred order that left its name to the poets and 
prophets of ancient Italy. Now, the Cum. form of Vates is Ovid, written Ovydd, 
of which we have the following explanation in Ow. Dict. :—‘‘ One who is initiated 
into first principles or elements, a scientific personage, a natural philosopher, 
a teacher of science, the name for a member of the scientific class, in the bardic 
system. An ovate.” Probably the name Ovidius is a derivative of the Cum. 
Ovid. 
Venus, “ true, genuine, not false, not disguised.” Cum, Gwir, “ the pure fluid, the 
ether, truth, right.” In Latin also Verus had this meaning of right, as Srr- 
vius says on the passage, Ain. 12. v. 694.— 
me Verius unum 
Pro vobis foedus luere et decernere ferro. 
“ Verius justius—Verum enim quod rectum et bonum appellabant. Gwirod, a 
derivative from Gwir, “‘ the pure fluid,” means strong unadulterated liquors of all 
kinds. (See Ow. Dict.) Hence the connection of merus, noun, merum, with 
Verus. The Greek «Ande, no concealment, transparency, agrees in meaning 
with the Cum. Gwir. If the English, truth, come from the verb, to trow, as Horne 
Toox inferred, it is a memorable proof of barbarism in our Saxon forefathers, 
and enough of itself to destroy all their ideas of truth and right. 
Verrco, “ to incline, to bend to.” Cum. Gwyro, “* tomake crooked, to bend, to swerve, 
to go awry.” 
Vinints, “ green, flourishing,” Cum. Gwyrd. In the Cornish dialect, which, less harsh 
and guttural, throws great light upon the cognate languages, it is Gwer, French 
Ver-d. That Viridis had this form in Latin, appears not only from Ver, “ the 
green season,” but from Verbena, “ any green sod or tree,” and Vervactum, 
‘+ ground ploughed down in the green sod,” in opposition to stubble land. See 
the word in Forcetint, and the mistake of Pury there alluded to. 
Srverus, “ strict, severe, sharp ;” root, Chwevyr, “ violence,” Chwevri, “ to act or 
affect severely,” Chwevryd, ‘ a severe one.” I have only time to allude to a 
large class of words beginning with Chw, and which are found in Latin with an 
Sor V. Suffice it to give two examples :— 
Socer a father-in-law, in Cum. Chwegyr. The German Schwager means “ a bro- 
ther-in-law.” When Homer wrote, either Chw, or Schw, was used, as can be 
proved from git: exuge, so well known 
1 Pp. 194. 
