29 
an inch in length, the rest varying from seven eights of an inch up to the 
maximum of slightly over an inch. This species is duller in color than the pre- 
ceding species, and the raised lines on the elytra are less sharply defined. It can 
be further distinguished by two impressed spots on each elytron interrupting the 
the second line. This species have been found by me almost invariably crawling, 
or at rest, upon the sunny side of the trunk or limbs, instead of among the Jeaf 
clusters. Its color tones so well with the bark of young trees that itis not easily 
seen, until this habit of frequenting the sunny side of the tree is known, when it 
can be more readily found. We have already noticed that liberta closely 
resembles the young cones and thus have in these beetle two very good instances 
of protective coloring and habits. C. virginiensis is not so abundant as C. liberta 
but is by no means rare and is not unfrequently found about the city on the side- 
walks or crawling on houses or fences, 
There is great difficulty in determining the complete life-history of the 
Buprestidze, as the greater part of their existence is spent within the tree, and 
the effects of their depredations are seldom apparent until thev have quitted 
their dark winding passages to emerge clad in bright armour for a brief existence 
in the sunlight. Observations by dillerent naturalists have, however, established 
pretty conclusively the chief points in the life of the larvae, many species of 
which do not confine their ravages to old and dead trees but are found destroy- 
ing those still living and thriving. The larvee of these beetles may be readily 
recognized by the broad flattened segments immediately behind the head; the 
rest of the body being narrow, thus giving them some resemblance to a tadpole. 
Commencing life as minute, footless grubs they bore crooked passages between 
the bark and wood ; gradually, as they acquire strength and size, they sink sloping 
and winding tunnels through the sapwood to some depth below the surface, and 
when nearing maturity again work upward to the bark and undergo their meta- 
morphoses in the end of the burrow, finally eating through the bark and emerg- 
ing as brilliant beetles. 
I have found in pine stumps a large larva evidently belonging to one of 
the three species already described, between the larve of which there can be but 
little difference either in size or shape. Last summer I made drawings aud 
measurements of one, which I unsuccessfully attempted to rear. It was two and 
four-tenth inches long and four tenths of an inch across the widest segment, nar- 
rowing afterwards to half this width. These larve, in common with those of the 
other beetles to be mentioned this evening are foottess, and move forward in their 
burrows-by muscular expansion and contraction of the segments of their bodies. 
Entomologists are at variance as to the time passed by these beetles in the 
larval state ; some thinking that they only spend one year as grubs, and others 
allowing twice as long. It is only certainly known in the case of a few species, 
and varies greatly for different genera. My observations made during several 
seasons seem to establish the fact that the members of the genus Chalecophora 
make their appearance in two broods, the first in Spring and the second in the 
Autumn, 
E arly in May they appear abundantly for a short time, and are found in 
gradually diminishing numbers until the end of June. During the next two 
months none are to be seen, but about the middle of September they are numer- 
ous and continue so until the end ef that month, The appearance of the speci- 
mens both in May and September indicates that they have just emerged, for the 
depressed portions of the elytra are whitened by some powdery substance, 
apparently like fine saw-dust, which soon rubs off. as 
During both these periods the sexes may be seen paired and it is my 
opinion that the beetles from eggs laid in May and June come forth in the Sep- 
