36 
known is the White Lily of our gardens (L. Candidwm). The white Japan Lily 
(L. longiflorum), which also belongs to this sub-genus, is now frequently met with 
in cultivation, but is rather tender in our severe climate. 
The third sub-genus is— 
Archelirion.—Perianth open, funnel-shaped, with deeply spreading segments, 
which are broadest below the middle ; stamens diverging from the curved style. 
Leaves sessile, as in the Tiger Lily, and with short stalks, as in Awratum and 
Speciosum. There are only four species in this sub-genus, but three of the four, 
the Tiger Lily (Z. Tigrinum), the Golden Lily (L. auratum), and the red-spotted 
Japan Lily (L. speciosum), originally introduced as L. lancifolium, are now to be 
met with in most large collections. 
The next, the fourth sub-genus, is— 
Isolirion, erect-flowered Jilies—Perianth pbreadly funnel-shaped, standing 
erect for a considerable time, usually brilliant red or yellow, segments oblong, 
lance-shaped, or spathulate, stamens diverging on every side from the erect style. 
Leaves in whorls, as in L. Fhiladelphicum, or scattered, as in L. Catesber. Lilium 
Philadelphicum is‘common in open copses tharoughout Western Canada and the 
Northern United States, stretching westward to the Rocky Mountains, and south- 
ward along the Alleghanies to North Carolina. It was introduced to England in 
1754. Lalwwm Catesber is also an American lily. It is found from Carolina to 
Georgia, taking, in the South, the place occupied by L. Philadelphicum in the 
North. This lily does not usually succeed well under cultivation, and is therefore 
rarely met with in gardens. 
The fifth and last sub-genus is the 
Martagon, or Turks-cap Lilies.—Flowers in racemes, nodding, dotted 
usually of a brilliant red or orange colour ; perianth broadly campanulate ; seg- 
ments lance-shaped, deeply falcate, grooves deep ; stamens diverging on all sides 
from the curved style. In this sub-genus we have twenty-three species, including 
many superb forms:—Ezacelsum, with its tall, peculiarly graceful, nankeen- 
coloured flowers, so exquisitely scented ; Canadense, with its beautiful nodding, 
bells, one of the first introduced to European gardens from this continent, figured 
in Parkinson’s Paradisus in 1629; the purple Martagon, which puts forth its 
flowers in the early summer months ; and several others not less handsome, but 
not so generally known. 
The genus Lilium (the name lily is said to be derived from a Celtic word 
“i,” signifying whiteness, the lily having been long considered an emblem of 
purity), as you will already have observed, embraces several of the most remarkable 
species in the whole vegetable kingdom, distinguished by elegance, size and 
variety of colour; ranging in size from the dwarf forms of Umbellatum, with 
flowers only six or eight inches from the ground, to the magnificent Giant Lily of 
the Himalayas, bearirg its crown of blossoms eight or nine feet high. Lilies are 
among the oldest and best known flowers of our gardens ; they are also among 
the most recent introductions of plant collectors. d 
The White Lily (L. Canodidwm) is said to be a native of the eastern 
islands of the Mediterranean. It has been cultivated in England since the days of 
John Gerarde, a surgeon and botanist, who was born in Cheshire in 1547, and died 
in 1607. Yet, with this exception, lilies may be said to be of recent introduction. 
In 1774 Linneeus found only nine species to describe, of which five be- 
longed to the Old Werld exclusively ; three, Superbum, Canudense and Philadelphi- 
cum, to North America ; and one, Kamschatkense, said to be common to both 
continents. This latter, however, appears to have been re-named, as I am unable 
to identify it in more recent classifications. Shortly after the time of Linnzeus, the 
Pyrenean (L. Pyrenaicum), the Orange (L. Crocewm), and Catesby’s Lily (L. 
Catesbei), were added to the list. 
