TRANSACTIONS OP THE SECTIONS. 'J9 



On the Ethnography of Africa as determined by its Languages. 

 By R.G. Latham, 3I.D. 



In the present state of our information all classifications of the African nations are 

 necessarily provisional. The classes of languages equivalent to the divisions called, 

 in general ethnography, Indo-European and Semitic, are, for the native tongues of 

 continental Africa, five in number. 



I. The Coptic, containing the extinct dialects of Egypt. 



II. The Berber, containing the ?iow-arabic languages of Fezzan, Tripoli, Tunis, Al- 

 giers, Morocco, and the Tuarick of the Western Sahara, along with the extinct Guaache 

 language of the Canary islands. 



III. The Hottentot division. 



IV. The CafFrarian division, extended as far northward as Melinda and Loango, 

 east and west. 



None of these divisions, with the probable exception of the CafFrarian, fall into any 

 intermediate or subordinate groups. 



V. The fifth and last division of the African languages falls into eleven subordi- 

 nate groups, each equivalent to the divisions called Gothic, Classical, Celtic, Slavo- 

 nic, &c. in general ethnography. 



A. The Nubian group, containing the languages known through the following 

 vocabularies : — 



1. The Kensy of Burckhardt ; 13. The Darfour of the Mithridates ; 



2. The Noub of Burckhardt ; 14. The Darfour of Salt ; 



3. The Dungola of the Mithridates ; 15. The Darfour of Konig ; 



4. The Barabbra of the Mithridates ; IG. The Darfour of Riippell ; 



5. The Dongolawy of Caillaud ; 17- The Darrunga of the Mithridates ; 



6. The Routana of Eusebe de Salle ; 18. The Takeli of Riippell ; 



7. The Noby of Eusebe de Salle ; 19. The Denka of Riippell ; 



8. The Nubian of Costaz ; 20. The Schabun of Riippell ; 



9. The Koldagi of Riippell ; 21. The Fertit of Ruppell ; 



10. The Jebel-Nuba of Holroyd ; 22. The Darraitchegan-Shangallaof Salt ; 



11. The Shilluck of the Mithridates ; 23. The Tacazze-Shangalla of Salt ; 



12. The Shilluck of Riippell ; 24. The Qamamyl of Caillaud. 



B. The Galla or Danakil group, containing the Danakil, Shiho, Arkeeko, Hurrur, 

 Adaiel and Somauli languages, as known from the vocabularies of Salt ; the Danakil 

 and Galla of Krapf and Isenberg, and the Saho of Abaddie, 



C. The Borgho languages, containing the Mobba of the Mithridates and the Borgho 

 of Burckhardt. 



D. The Begharmi vocabularies of the Mithridates and of Denham. 



E. The Bornou languages, containing the AiFadeh of the Mithridates, the Bornou 

 of Denham, ai;id the Maiha numerals of Bowdich. The Affadeh of the Mithridates 

 is probably the Bedeh of Clapperton. 



F. The Mandara of Denham. 



G. The Howssa group, containing, over and above the vocabularies current under 

 the name Hoivssa, the Afnu and Kashne of the Mithridates, the Quolla-LifFa, Mal- 

 lowa and Kallaghi, numerals of Bowdich ; besides the Timbuctoo vocabularies of 

 Adams, Denham, Lyon and Caillie. 



H. The Mandingo group, containing the Bambarra, Jallonka, Soosoo, Sokko, 

 Bullom, and Timmani languages ; these last being related to each other and to the 

 Soosoo. Also the Garangi, Kong, Callana, Fobee and Garman, numerals of Bowdich. 



I. The Woloff languages. 



J. The Foulah languages. 



K. The Ibo-Ashantee group. This large and complex group falls into subdi- 

 visions : these, however, are even more provisional than the previous arrangements, 

 since the vocabularies are in the present case pre-eminently fragmentary. 



a. The Fantee languages of the kingdom ofAshantee and of Booroom. TheFetu 

 of MuUer, the Afootoo of Bowdich, the Inta, the Aowin, the Amanahea and Ahanta 

 numerals of Bowdich are Fantee or Ashantee. 



/3. The Acra language of Protten and Schonning, Danish missionaries. 



y. The Dahomey or Foy languages = the Judah of Labat, and the Watje (WhU 

 dah) Atje, and Popo vocabularies of the Mithridates. 



