^88 Dfaat "k)oi*e, "begel^tJ/, anil "bLjrIc/. 



first contra(fted into Fleur de Luce, and afterwards into Fleiir de Lys, 

 or Fleur de Lis (Lily-flower — although it has no affinity to the Lily), 

 and was incorporated in the arms of France, and formed one of 



the embellishments of the crown. Pope Leo IIL presented 



Charlemagne with a blue banner, semee of golden Fleurs de Lys, and 

 the banner coming from the Pope was supposed by the ignorant 



to have descended from heaven. Other traditions respedting 



this blue banner relate that an angel gave it to Charlemagne, that 

 St. Denis gave it to the kings of France, and that an angel brought 



it to Clovis after his baptism. The Fleur de Lys appertains to 



the Bourbon race, and was made the ornament of the northern 

 radius of the compass in honour of Charles of Anjou, who was 

 King of Sicily at the time of this great discovery. When Edward 

 in. claimed the crown of France in 1340, he quartered the ancient 

 shield of France with the lion of England. After many changes of 

 position, the Fleur de Lys finally disappeared from the English 

 shield in the first year of the present century. (See also Flower 

 DE Luce). 



Iron-Head and Hard-Head.— See Horse-Knot. 



IVY. — Kissos (Greek for Ivy) was the original name of the 

 infant Bacchus, who, abandoned by his mother Semele, was hidden 

 under an Ivy-bush, which was subsequently named after him. 

 Another Hellenic tradition makes Kissos a son of Bacchus, who, 

 whilst dancing before his father, suddenly dropped down dead. 

 The goddess Gaea (the Earth), compassionating the unfortunate 

 youth, changed him into the Ivy, which afterwards received his 



name — Kissos. The god Bacchus is said to have worshipped the 



Ivy under the name oi Kissos; the plant was sacred to him, and he 

 is represented crowned with the leaves of Ivy as well as with those 

 of the Vine. The god's thyrsus was also crowned with Ivy. In 

 Greece and Rome, Black Ivy was used to decorate the thyrsus of 

 Bacchus in commemoration of his march through India. This Ivy 

 bears yellow berries, 'and is common in the Himalayas; it was, 

 therefore, appropriately selecfted as the shrub wherewith to crown 



Alexander in his Indian expedition. According to Plutarch, the 



priests of Jupiter were bound to shun the Vine (in order to pre- 

 serve themselves from intoxication), and to touch the Ivy, which 

 was believed to impart a sort of prophetic transport. Bacchus, 

 therefore, crowned with Ivy, became a god both victorious and 



prophetic. At the Dionysian festivals, the worshippers were 



crowned with Ivy, Vine-leaves, Fir, &c. Certain of the men 

 engaged in the procession wore chaplets of Ivy and Violets, and 

 the women — who, worked up into a kind of frenzy, executed 

 fantastic dances — often carried garlands and strings of Ivy-leaves. 



-. Pliny says that Ivy-berries, taken before wine, prevent its 



intoxicating effecfls. Probably the Bacchanals' chaplet and the 

 Ivy-bough formerly used as the sign of a tavern, both derived 



