pPanC ls)orc, T^cgc'r^b/, anH Hijric/", 571 



to possess them. Before the Tulip season was over, more roots 

 were sold and purchased, bespoke, and promised to be delivered, 

 than in all probability were to be found in the gardens of Holland ; 

 and when Senipey Au<^ntstus was not to be had, which happened twice, 

 no species perhaps was oftener purchased and sold. In the space 

 of three years, as Mimting tells us, more than ten millions were 

 expended in this trade, in only one town of Holland. The evil 

 rose to such a pitch, that the States of Holland were under the 

 necessity of interfering; the buyers took the alarm; the bubble, like 

 the South Sea scheme, suddenly burst ; and as, in the outset, all 

 were winners, in the winding up, very few escaped without loss. 



TUTSAN. — The Hypericum Androsamum was in former days 

 called Tutsan, or Tutsayne, a word derived from the French name, 

 Toute-saine, which was applied to the plant, according to Lobel, 

 " because, like the Panacea, it cures all sickness and diseases." 

 The St. John's Wort {H. perforatum) was also called Tutsan. 



TURNIP.— The Turnip [Brassica Rapa) was considered by 

 Columella and Pliny as next to corn in value and utility. Pliny 

 mentions some of the Turnips of his times as weighing forty 



pounds each. In Westphalia, when a young peasant goes 



wooing, if Turnips be set before him, they signify that he is totally 



unacceptable to the girl he would court. To dream of Turnips 



denotes fruitless toil. 



UN SHOE -THE -HORSE.— The Hippocrepis comosa, from 

 its horseshoe-shaped legumes, is supposed, upon the do(5trine of 

 signatures, to have the magical power of causing horses to cast 

 their shoes. This Vetch is the Sferracavallo of the Italians, who 

 ascribe to it the same magical property. Grimm, however, con- 

 siders that the Springwort [Euphorbia Lathyris) is, from its powerful 

 ac1:ion on metals, the Italian Sferracavallo. The French give a 

 similar extraordinary property to the Rest-Harrow [Ononis arvensis); 

 and it is also allotted to the Moonwort [Botrychium Lunaria): — 



" Whose virtue's such. 

 It in the pasture, only with a touch. 

 Unshoes the new-shud steed." — Withers. 



UPAS. — The deadly Upas of Java has the terrible reputation 

 of being a tree which poisons by means of its noxious exhalations. 

 Two totally distin(5\ trees have been called the Upas, — one, the 

 Antjar [Autiaris toxicaria), is a tree attaining a height of one 

 hundred feet ; the other, the Chetik, is a large creeping shrub 

 peculiar to Java. Neither of them, however, answers to the descrip- 

 tion of the poisonous Upas, which rises in the " Valley of Death," 

 and which was seen and reported on by Foersch, a Dutch physician, 

 who travelled in Java at the end of the last century. Foersch 

 wrote that this deadly Upas grew in the midst of a frightful desert. 

 No bird could rest in its branches, no plant could subsist, no 

 animal live in its neighbourhood : it blighted everything near with 



