| LIST OF PLATES 
FRONTISPIECE. Jack-in-the-pulpit, a typical shade-plant, with large, 
thin leaves. 
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Piate I. Sand-dunes with sea rye grass. Deep-rooted, with exten- 
sively running rootstocks 
Pirate II. Pollarded willows, showing growth of slender twigs from 
adventitious buds 
Prate III. Japanese ivy, a tendril-climber growing on face of a 
building, showing leaves all exposed to sunlight at the most 
advantageous angle 
Pirate IV. Cypress swamp, showing ‘‘Spanish moss’’ (Tillandsia), 
a phanerogamic epiphyte practically leafless, the work ordinarily 
done by leaves devolving on the slender stems. The cypress 
trees are furnished with ‘‘ knees’’ or projections from the roots, 
which are thought by some to absorb air . : 
Pirate V. Indian pipe, a saprophytic seed-plant, wholly destitute 
of chlorophyll and with scales instead of foliage leaves 
Pxuate VI. Fan palms, showing general habit of the tree, and large 
projecting bases of old petioles left after the decay of the leaves 
Puate VII. A tree yucca in the Mohave Desert, a characteristic 
xerophytic tree. Other sparse desert vegetation is also shown 
Pirate VIII. Belt of trees along a Nebraskan river, showing depend- 
ence of forest on water supply 
Puate IX. Cottonwood. Tree largely overgrown with American 
mistletoe, near Mesilla, New Mexico. The photograph was taken 
in winter, when the tree was leafless, so that all the foliage shown 
is that of the mistletoe 
Pirate X. Humming-bird visiting flowers of the trumpet creeper. 
This is one of the best North American examples of a flower 
mainly pollinated by birds . 
Pirate XI. Asters and golden-rods, Composit, illustrating the 
: principle of grouping many small flowers into heads (and in 
the golden-rod the heads into rather close clusters) to facilitate 
the visits of insects 
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