‘iv PREFACE 
Suggestions are made in the teacher’s Handbook, which 
accompanies this volume, in regard to shaping half-year 
courses. 
The latest authorities in the various departments of botany 
have been consulted on all doubtful points, and the attempt 
has been to make the book scientifically accurate throughout, 
yet not unduly difficult. 
Most of the illustrations have been redrawn from those in 
standard German works of an advanced character, or drawn 
from nature or from photographs, expressly for this book. 
Besides the sources of drawings acknowledged in the author’s 
Elements, many cuts have been taken from the botanies of 
Frank, Prantl, Detmer, Murray, and Bennett and Murray, as 
well as from Schimper’s Pflanzengeographie. 
Of the drawings from nature or from photographs, some 
figures, and Plates I, VII, and VIII, are by Mr. Edmund 
Garrett of Boston; several figures, the Frontispiece, and 
Plates II, IV, X, XI, are by Mr. Bruce Horsfall of New York; 
several figures are by Mr. F. Schuyler Mathews of Boston; a 
large number of figures and Plate V are by Mr. E. N. Fischer 
of Boston; several figures are by Mr. E. R. Kingsbury of Boston 
and Dr. J. W. Folsom of the University of Illinois. 
Thanks for the use of photographs are due to Mr. H. G. 
Peabody of Boston (Fig. 234), to Mr. J. H. White of Boston 
(Figs. 32, 75, 222), to Professor Conway MacMillan of the Uni- 
versity of Minnesota (Frontispiece), and to Professor F. V. 
Coville of Washington (Plate VII). Figs. 28 and 275 are 
taken by permission from the Primer of Forestry, issued by the 
Division of Forestry, U. 8. Department of Agriculture. Figs. 
263, 264, 276 are copied by permission from Professor W. J. 
Beal’s Seed Dispersal, and Figs. 226, 229, 233 from Professor 
W. M. Davis’s Physical Geography. Fig. 269 is from a photo- 
graph by Professor C. F. Millspaugh of the Field Columbian 
Museum, Chicago. 
