ROOTS 39 
it may readily be transferred to moderately damp soil, 
and that the whole plant presents curious modifications 
when made to grow in earth instead of water. 
51. Parasitic Roots..— The dodder, the mistletoe, and a 
good many other parasites, live upon nourishment which 
they steal from other plants, called hosts. The parasitic 
“i * 
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a AAG YW) ip ‘ \ . 
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on wrqed oe GE: vy, Yd oY, we et ee __ 8 - ee 
t - Arve 4 Ly Y), Wy SS—_= ~ ae 
me { BT sa) STAMOS + 
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oF fe 
= Y rn Wn, , { 
= = ¥ SX WN jiarhnt ili. snd, eee 4 Ex 
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BF 
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hi i) 
\" yi 
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Sy a = 
Fie. 15.— Aerial Adventitious Roots of the Ivy. 
roots, or haustoria, form the most intimate connections 
with the interior portions of the stem or the root, as the 
case may be, of the host-plant on which the parasite 
fastens itself. 
In the dodder, as is shown in Fig. 16, it is most inter- 
esting to notice how admirably the seedling parasite is 
adapted to the conditions under which it is to live. Rooted 
1See Kerner and Oliver’s Natural History of Plants, Vol. I, pp. 171-213. 
