STEMS “63 
(2) The large horseshoe-shaped scars and the number and posi- 
tion of the dots on these scars. Compare a scar with the base of a 
leaf-stalk furnished by the teacher. 
(3) The ring of narrow scars around the stem in one or more 
places,! and the different appearance of the bark above and below 
such a ring. Compare these scars with those left after removing the 
scales of a terminal bud and then see Fig. 29, b se. 
(4) The buds at the upper margin of each leaf- 
scar and the strong terminal bud at the end of the 
twig. 
(5) The flower-bud scar, a concave impression, 
to be found in the angle produced by the forking 
of two twigs, which form, with the branch from 
which they spring, a Y-shaped figure (see Fig. 36). 
(6) (On a branch larger than the twig handed 
round for individual study) the place of origin of 
the twigs on the branch ;— make a separate sketch 
of this. 
The portion of stem which originally bore any 
pair of leaves is called a node, and the portions of 
stem between nodes are called internodes. 
Describe briefly in writing alongside the sketches 
any observed facts which the drawings do not show. 
If your twig was a crooked, rough-barked, and 
slow-growing one, exchange it for a smooth, vig- 
3 A Fic. 29.— A quickly 
orous one, and note the differences. Or if you grown Twig of 
sketched a quickly grown shoot, exchange for one Cherry, with Lat- 
p 1 and Terminal 
of t her kind. chs 
he other d Buds in October. 
Answer the following questions : b sc, bud-scale sears. 
(a) How many inches did your twig grow gabe seek ka ori 3% 
scars is the growth 
during the last summer? of the spring and 
How many in the summer before ? summer of the 
How do you know? pose habe 
How many years old is the whole twig given you? 
(b) How were the leaves arranged on the twig? 
1 A very vigorous shoot may not show any such ring. 
