204 
FOUNDATIONS OF BOTANY 
218. Union of Separate Circles. — ‘The members of one 
of the circles of floral organs may join those of another 
circle, thus becoming adnate, adherent, or consolidated. 
Monadelphous 
Stamens of 
Mallow. 
In Fig. 189 the calyx tube is adnate to the 
ovary. In this case the parts of the flower do 
not all appear to spring from the receptacle. 
Fig. 155 illustrates three common cases as 
regards insertion of the parts of the flower. 
In I they are all inserted on the receptacle, 
and the corolla and stamens are said to be 
hypogynous, that is, beneath the pistil. In II 
the petals and the stamens appear as if they 
had grown fast to the calyx for some distance, 
so that they surround the pistil, and they are 
therefore said to be perigynous, that is, 
around the pistil. In III all the parts are 
free or unconsolidated, except the petals 
and stamens; the stamens may be described 
as epipetalous, that is, growing on the petals. 
Sometimes some or all 
of the other parts stand 
upon the ovary, and such 
Fic. 152.—Diadelphous parts are said to be epzg- 
Stamens of Sweet Pea. ynous, that is, on the 
ovary, like the petals and stamens of the 
white water-lily (Fig. 156). 
219. Floral Diagrams. — Sections (real py¢. i 
or imaginary) through the- flower length- 
wise, like those of Fig. 155, help greatly 
in giving an accurate idea of the relative 
position of the floral organs. Still more 
of a Thistle, with 
Anthers united 
into a Ring. 
united anthers ; /, 
filaments, bearded 
on the sides. 
