TRUE NATURE OF FLORAL ORGANS ra 
really occurs is this: the flower-bud, as soon as it has 
developed far enough to show the first rudiments of the 
essential organs, contains them in the form of minute 
knobs. These are developed from the tissues of the plant 
in the same manner as are the knobs in a leaf-bud, which 
afterwards become leaves (Fig. 87, Il); but as growth 
and development progress 
in the flower-bud, its con- 
tents soon show themselves 
to be stamens and pistils (if 
the flower is a perfect one). 
223. The Anther and its 
Contents.—Some of the 
shapes of the anthers may 
be learned from Figs. 149 
and 160.1 -The shape of the Fic. 160.— Modes of discharging Pollen. 
I, by longitudinal slits in the anther-cells 
(amaryllis); Il, by uplifted valves (bar- 
it opens depend largely upon __ berry); III, bya pore at the top of each 
ie way is arhinkt the pollen anther-lobe (nightshade), 
is to be discharged and how it is carried from flower to 
flower. The commonest method is to have the anther- 
cells split lengthwise, as in Fig. 160, I. A few anthers 
open by trap-doors like valves, as in II, and a larger 
number by little holes at the top, as in III. 
The pollen in many plants with inconspicuous flowers, 
as the evergreen cone-bearing trees, the grasses, rushes, 
and sedges, is a fine, dry powder. In plants with showy 
flowers it is often somewhat sticky or pasty. The forms 
of pollen grains are extremely various. Fig. 161 will 
serve to furnish examples of some of the shapes which 
anther and the way in which 
1 See Kerner and Oliver’s Natural History of Plants, Vol. II, pp. 86-95. 
