248 FOUNDATIONS OF BOTANY 
under a power of 200 or more diameters. Select the terminal cell 
of the leaf if Chara is used. The protoplasm is nearly colorless but 
usually contains bodies which can be seen moving in the current of 
protoplasm. The protoplasm will show 
normal activity at the temperature of a 
comfortable living room. By focusing, see 
if the current of protoplasm can be detected 
moving in more than one direction. 
Note the form and arrangement of the 
chlorophyll and any places lacking chloro- 
phyll, and see if you can tell whether the 
arrangement has any relation to the current 
of protoplasm. With a low power trace the 
course in several cells. How many cells con- 
stitute each internode of Nitella? If Chara 
is used, internodes will be found to be 
covered with a layer of many corticating 
cells. Under a high power compare the 
general structure of node and internode and 
see if the attachment of leaves and branches 
can be clearly determined. Compare the tip 
of a leaf with the tip of a stem or branch 
if the material permits. Are the fruiting 
organs produced on the stems or the leaves? 
288. Antheridia.— The antheridia are 
globular bodies, bearing male fertilizing 
cells and becoming red at maturity (Fig. 
182). Eight cells compose the outer wall. 
They have radial lines indicating folds and 
Fic. 181.— End of a Main join one another by irregular sutures. Note 
Shoot of Chara. (About a round spot in the middle of each cell 
peal 220) which marks the point of attachment within 
‘of the stalk on which antherozoid-producing cells are borne. 
289. Odgonia. — The egg-shaped fruits, known as odgonia (Fig. 
182), are borne near the antheridia in moncecious species. Count 
the number of pointed cells which constitute the “crown” of the 
fruit. Does each tip consist of one or two short cells? Examine 
