TYPES OF CRYPTOGAMS; THALLOPHYTES 261 
Are they straight or curved? Describe the margin of the cup, the 
color without, and the color of the contents. 
With a power of 200 diameters or more examine some of the 
cells composing the cup and note the form, color, and nature of the 
surface. Draw. With the point of a needle or knife pick out a 
bit of the contents of the cup and examine as above. Note the 
characters as before and compare in detail with the cells of the cup. 
The cells within the cup are the spores. Can you tell how they are 
attached ? 
A thin section through the cup will show the mode of attachment 
and the relation of the spores to the cup. 
312. Examination of Red and Black Rust. — Under the magnify- 
ing glass examine the eruptions of spores (sori) on the wheat plant, 
some of red spores and some of black spores. The red spores are 
faded in dried specimens. Note the approximate size and shape 
and any other peculiarities. Prepare slides of each kind of spores 
and see if both can be found in one sorus. The spores may be 
taken from the host-plant on the point of a knife by picking rather 
deeply down into the sorus. Place the small quantity of spores so 
Wap: 
Cree eet 
Be Cares nis 
RES soe agen 
SS Senet), 
Fic. 192.— A Cluster-Cup of Anemone Rust (Puccinia fusca). (xX 120.) 
s, chains of spores ; p, the covering or peridium of the cup; h, hyphe. 
obtained in a drop of water on a slide, spread with dissecting needles 
and cover. Examine under a power of 200 or more diameters. 
The red spores (wredospores) have each a stalk from which they 
easily fall. They may be seen attached to their stalks if properly 
