TYPES OF CRYPTOGAMS ; THALLOPHYTES 
265 
318. The Spore-Plant.— Search for indications of fruiting, and 
note the appearance of the “ button mushrooms 
99 
in all available 
stages. Draw. See if at any stage up to maturity an outer envelope 
of tissue (volva) can be found enclosing the entire fruiting body. 
If such be present, what becomes of it at maturity? 
If material is 
available, compare the species of Amanita (poisonous) in regard to this. 
Examine specimens in which the cap is expanding and see if 
there is another tissue forming a veil covering the under surface of 
the cap. If such be pres- 
ent, how is it attached 
and what becomes of it? 
Take a fresh, well- 
expanded mushroom or 
toadstool. Remove the 
stalk, or stipe, close under 
the cap, or pileus, and lay 
the latter, gills down, on 
a piece of paper. Let it 
remain undisturbed for a 
few hours, or over night, 
so that the spores may 
fall upon the paper. Note — 
carefully their color, also 
the form in which they 
are arranged on the paper. What determines this form ? 
hym h 
— 
I 
——— 
a 
a, 
SSS 
OOOO OOD A 
4: « 
‘4, 
AUUAASION 
SS 
ARR 
SSS 
—. 
— 
CUA 
eS 
WAU LOG Hf Oe’ f iy Ped mador. ars ip 
B 
Fie. 195. — Portions of Gills of 
a Fungus (Agaricus). 
A, slightly magnified; B, one 
PERN of the parts of A, more mag- 
nified. hym, hymenium; h, 
central layer. 
‘tr 
Examine 
some of the spores under the highest available power of the micro- 
scope. 
Describe the stipe. 
Measure and draw. 
Ts it a hollow tube or solid? 
Does it taper ? 
Note length, diameter, color. 
Describe the cap, or pileus, in regard to diameter, thickness, nature 
and color of the upper surface, also color below. 
Examine the plates, or gills, which compose the under portion of 
the pileus. Cut a complete pileus and stipe, through the center, and 
draw an outline to show the shape, noting particularly how the gills 
are attached. What is the color of the gills? 
319. Origin of Spores. — Make a cross-section of one of the gills, 
and with a magnifying power of about 200 diameters examine the 
