TYPES OF CRYPTOGAMS; BRYOPHYTES 285 
of the capsules, examine with a magnifying glass, and sketch it. 
Note the character of the material of which its outer layer is 
composed. 
Sketch the uncovered capsule as seen through the magnifying 
glass, noting the little knob at its base and the circular lid. 
Pry off this lid, remove some of the mass of spores from the 
interior of the capsule, observe their color as seen in bulk through 
the magnifying glass, then mount in water, examine with the high- 
est obtainable power of the microscope, and sketch them. These 
spores, if sown on moist earth, will each develop into a slender, 
branched organism, consisting, like pond-scum, of single rows of 
cells (Fig. 207) called the protonema. 
347. Other Reproductive Apparatus. — The student cannot, with- 
out spending a good deal of time and making himself expert in the 
examination of mosses, trace out for himself the whole story of the 
reproduction of any moss. It is sufficient here to give an outline of 
the process. The protonema develops buds, one of which is shown 
in Fig. 207, and the bud grows into an ordinary moss plant. This 
plant, in the case of the pigeon-wheat moss, bears organs of a some- 
what flower-like nature, which contain either antheridia (Fig. 208), 
organs which produce fertilizing cells called antherozoids, or arche- 
gonia (Fig. 209), organs which produce egg-cells, but in this moss 
antheridia and archegonia are not produced in the same “ moss- 
flower.” The plants therefore correspond to dicecious ones among 
flowering plants. 
After the fertilization of the egg-cell, by the penetration of 
antherozoids to the bottom of the flask-shaped archegonium, the 
development of the egg-cell into sporophyte begins; the latter rises 
as a slender stalk, while the upper part of the archegonium is 
carried with it and persists for a time as the hood or calyptra. 
