ECOLOGY OF FLOWERS 365 
436. Movements of Floral Organs to aid in Pollination. 
— Besides the slow movements which the stamens and 
pistil make in such cases as those of the Clerodendron and 
the mallow, already described, the parts of the flower 
often admit of considerable and rather quick movements 
to assist the insect visitor to become dusted or smeared 
with pollen. 
In some flowers whose stamens perform rapid move- 
ments when an insect enters, it is easy to see how directly 
FIG. 258. — Two Flowers of Common Sage, one of them visited by a Bee. 
useful the motion of the stamens is in securing cross- 
pollination. The stamens of the laurel, Kalmia, throw 
little masses of pollen, with a quick jerk, against the 
body of the visiting insect. Barberry stamens spring up 
against the visitor and dust him with pollen. The common 
garden sage matures its anthers earlier than its stigmas. 
In Fig. 258, A, the young flower is seen, visited by a bee, 
and one anther is shown pressed closely against the side 
of the bee’s abdomen. The stigma, st, is hidden within 
the upper lip of the corolla. In B, an older flower, the 
