382 FOUNDATIONS OF BOTANY 
the calyx, sometimes from an involucre. Their office is 
to attach the fruit to the hair or fur of passing animals. 
Often, as in sticktights (Fig. 272), the hooks are compara- 
tively weak, but in other cases, as in the cocklebur (Fig. 
272), and still more in the Martynia, the fruit of which 
in the green condition is much used for pickles, the 
hooks are exceedingly strong. Cockleburs can hardly be 
removed from the tails of horses and cattle, into which 
Fic. 271. — Three Fruits adapted for Dispersal by the Shaking Action of the Wind. 
I, celandine ; I, pea; III, jimson weed (Datura). 
they have become matted, without cutting out all the 
hairs to which they are fastened. 
A curious case of distribution of this kind occurred 
in the island of Ternate, in the Malay Archipelago. A 
buffalo with his hair stuck full of the needle-like fruits of 
a grass! was sent as a present to the so-called King of 
Ternate. Scattered from the hair of this single animal, 
the grass soon spread over the whole island. 
1 Andropogon acicularis. 
