402 
Flax, cross-section of stem of, *91. 
Fleshy fruits, 224. 
Fleshy fruits, uses of, 385-385. 
Fleshy roots, 45, 46, *47. 
Floating seeds, 381. 
Floral diagrams, 204, *205, *206. 
Floral envelopes, 198. 
Floral organs, movements of, 365, 
366. 
Floridez, 255. 
Flower, nature of, 208-211*. 
Flower, organs of, *197. 
Flower, plan of, 197-206*. 
Flower-buds, position of, 186. 
Flowerless plants, 232, 233, 235- 
297. 
Flowers, bird-pollinated, 362. 
Flowers, colors of, 357, 358. 
Flowers, ecology of, 355-572*. 
Flowers, odors of, 357. 
Flytrap, Venus, *343, 344. 
Follicle, *223. 
Food in embryo, 14. 
Food, storage of, in root, 46, *47. 
Food, storage of, in stem, 115-117. 
Food, storage outside of embryo, 
15. 
Formative tissue, 95. 
Fossil plants, 298, 299. 
Fossils, 298. 
Four-o’clock seed, 15. 
Foxglove, pinnate leaf of, *133. 
Free, 204. 
Free central placentation, *205. 
Frond, 287, *288. 
Frost, action of, 394. 
Fruit, 221-227*. 
Fruit, definition of, 221. 
Fruit-dots, *288. 
Fruits, study of, 217-220. 
Fruits, uses of, 376-386*. 
FOUNDATIONS OF BOTANY 
Fucus, 250-252*., 
Funaria, *284. 
Fungi, 282, 274-276. 
Gametophyte, 291. 
Gamopetalous, 200. 
Gamosepalous, 200. 
Gemme, 279. 
Generations, alternation of, 278. 
Generative cells, in pollen tube, 
*214, 
Genus, 229. 
Geography, botanical, 324-335. 
Geography, botanical, of the United 
States, 383-335. 
Geotropism, *57, *58, 59, 68. 
Germination, 5-13. 
Germination, chemical 
during, 11-13. 
Germination, conditions of, 8-11. 
Gills, *264, 265. 
Gonidia, 273. 
Gourd-fruit, 224. 
Grafting, 98, *99. 
Grain, 222. 
Grape sugar, test for, 116, 117. 
Gray, Asa, 71. 
Green layer of bark, 86, *91. 
Groups, 231. 
Growing point, *42. 
Growth, measurement of, in stem, 
32. 
Growth, secondary, *96, *97, *100. 
Guard-cells, *151, *153, *154, 158, 
159. 
Gymnosperms, 233. 
changes 
Hematococcus, *244. 
Hairs, 158. 
Hairs, stinging, 349, 350, *351. 
Halberd-shaped, *132. 
