410 
Spore-capsules, 281. 
Spore-cases, *258, *259. 
Spore-fruits, *254. 
Spore-plants, 231, 252. 
Spore-plants, classes of, 232. 
Spore-sacs, 263, 270, 273. 
Spores of slime moulds, 180. 
Sporophyll, 294. 
Sporophyte, 281, *282, 284, 285, 
289, 291. 
Spruce, fertilized ovule of, *503. 
Squash seed, 5, 6. 
Squash seed, section, *6. 
Squash seedling, 25-27. 
Stamen, *197, 201, 202, *205. 
Stamen, parts of, *203. 
Standard, *199. 
Starch, 17-20, *19. 
Starch disappears during germi- 
nation, 21. 
Starch in leaves, 169, *170. 
Starch-making, rate of, 170, 171. 
Starch, testing seed for, 18. 
Stem, 30-117. 
Stem, definition of, 62. 
Stem, dicotyledonous, annual, 
gross structure of, 86, *87. 
Stem, dicotyledonous, minute 
structure of, 86-98%. 
Stem, early history of, *95, 96. 
Stem, functions of cells of, 105, 
106, 107. 
Stem, modifiability of, 79-82*. 
Stem, monocotyledonous, *83, *84, 
*85, 86. 
Stem, structure of, 83-103*. 
Stemless plants, *72, 73. 
Stems, 62-118. 
Stems, climbing, 74, *75. 
Stems, storage of food in, 113-115. 
Stems, twining, *75. 
FOUNDATIONS OF BOTANY 
Stem-structure, early history of, 
#95, 96. 
Sterigmata, *266. 
Sterilization, 238. 
Stigma, 201, *203. 
Stigma, structure of, 213-215*. 
Stinging hair, *184. 
Stipa, cross-section of rolled and 
unrolled leaves of, *318. 
Stipe, *264, 265. 
Stipules, *155, 136. 
Stolon, with tips rooting, *374. 
Stomata, 104,*151, *152,*153, *154. 
Stomata, operation of, 158, 159. 
Stone-fruit, 224. 
Storage of food in the root, 46, *47. 
Storage of food in the stem, 113- 
Lei. 
Strawberry, *226. 
Struggle for existence, 587-394. 
Study of buttercup flower, 195, 196. 
Study of lemon, 217, 218. 
Study of tomato, 217. 
Study of trillium flower, 192, 193. 
Study of tulip flower, 194, 195. 
Style, 201, *203. 
Sugar, 13, 116, 117, 168, 171, 172. 
Sugar, formed during germination, 
13. | 
Sugar-cane, cross-section of a bun- 
dle from, *110. 
Sundew, *341, *342, 348. 
Sun-plants, *321. 
Supernumerary buds, 122, *123, 
*124. 
Survival of the fittest, 394, 395. 
Swarmspores, 180. 
Sweet pea, flowers, *199. 
Symbiont, 340. 
Symbiosis, 273, 340. 
Symmetrical, 198. 
