CLASS I.—GYMNOSPERMS. 
Plants destitute of a closed ovary, style, or stigma. Ovules 
generally borne naked on a carpellary scale, which forms part 
of acone, Cotyledons often several (Fig. 1). 
1. CONIFERZ. PINE FAmIty. 
Trees or shrubs with wood of peculiar structure (Part I, 
Ch. VI), destitute of ducts, with resinous and aromatic juice. 
Leaves generally evergreen, and needle-shaped or awl-shaped. 
Flowers destitute of floral envelopes, moncecious or dicecious, 
the staminate ones consisting of catkin-like spikes of stamens 
and the pistillate ones consisting of ovule-bearing scales, 
_arranged in spikes, which ripen into cones. 
A. 
Each scale of the cone borne in the axil of a bract. Seeds 2, with 
wings. 
Leaves evergreen, in bundles of 2-5. Pinus, I. 
Leaves evergreen, solitary, sessile, keeled on both surfaces. 
Picea, LU. 
Leaves evergreen, solitary, petioled, flat. Tsuga, III. 
Leaves solitary, evergreen, flat above, keeled below. Abies, IV. 
Leaves clustered, deciduous, flat. Larix, V. 
5B. 
Scales of the cone without bracts, cone becoming globular and woody. 
Leaves linear. 
Leaves alternate, deciduous. Taxodium, VI. 
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