GYMNOSPERMS 15 
scales tipped with a short, abruptly curved spine. Wood hard, 
coarse and resinous, mainly used for fuel. Poor, sandy soil, 
especially eastward. 
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Fic. 1.—Scotch Pine (P. sylvestris). 
1, a twig showing: a, staminate catkins ; b, pistillate catkins ; c, a cone; d, needles. 
2, an anther, a, side view; 5, outer surface. 3, a carpel-scale, a, inner surface ; 
b, outer surface. 4, a cone-scale, a seed-wing, and aseed. 5, section of a seed, 
showing the embryo. (1) is natural size ; the other parts of the figure are magni- 
fied by the amount indicated by comparison with the vertical line alongside each. 
4. P. inops, Ait. Scrus Prine. A small tree, usually 20-30 ft. 
high, but sometimes much taller; bark of the trunk rough, nearly 
black; twigs smooth and with a bloom. Leaves in twos, 1-2 in. 
