18 FOUNDATIONS OF BOTANY 
son color. Fruit a small cone, with thin scales. Leaves none 
of them scaly, but all needle-shaped, soft, deciduous, very 
numerous, in little brush-like bundles. 
1. L. americana, Michx. AMERICAN LARCH, TAMARACK, HAcK- 
MATACK (wrongly, but quite generally, called Cypress and Juniper). 
A tall, slender tree, 30-100 ft. high. Leaves slender and less than 
1 in. long, very pale bluish-green. Cones 3-3 in. long, few-scaled. 
Wood hard, tough, and heavy, of considerable use for ship-building. 
2. L. europea, DC. European LAarcu. Leaves bright green 
and longer; cones longer than in the preceding species and many- 
scaled. Cultivated from Europe. 
VI. TAXODIUM, Richard. 
Trees; leaves spreading so as to appear 2-ranked, decidu- 
ous; flowers monecious, appearing before the leaves; stami- 
nate ones numerous, globose ; forming long, terminal, drooping, 
panicled spikes; anthers 2—5-celled; pistillate flowers single 
or in pairs, bractless, the peltate scales 2-ovuled ; cone globose ; 
the very thick woody scales angular, separating at maturity ; 
seeds 3-angled, pyramidal.* . 
1. T. distichum, Richard. Batp Cypress. A very large tree; 
bark dark brown, rough, fibrous ; many of the twigs deciduous with 
the leaves. Leaves alternate, opposite, or whorled, 2-ranked, flat, 
linear, $-3 in. long. Cones terminal, globose, about 1 in. in diameter ; 
ends of the scales much thickened, wrinkled, and with a distinct 
triangular marking. Common in swamps and on the borders of 
streams; wood reddish, soft, light; specially valuable for shingles 
and fence posts, and for boat-building.* / 3S. 
Vil. THUYA, Tourn. 
Flowers small, terminal, monecious, on different branches. 
Stamens each consisting of ascale-like portion bearing 4 anther- 
cells. Pistillate flowers consisting of a few overlapping scales 
which ripen into a small, loose cone. Leaves evergreen, oppo- 
site, and closely overlapping on the stem, of two kinds, those 
on the more rapidly growing twigs awl-shaped, the others mere 
scales. 
1. T. occidentalis, L. ArBor ViT#,CEpDAR. A small tree, 20-50 
ft. high, with soft fibrous bark. Leaves mostly awl-shaped and blunt. 
