GYMNOSPERMS 19 
Cones ellipsoidal, their scales 2-seeded. Grows on rocky ledges, but 
reaches its greatest size in cool cedar swamps. Wood soft, yellowish, 
fragrant, durable, prized for shingles and fence posts. 
VIll. JUNIPERUS, L. 
Flowers very small, lateral, dicecious, or sometimes mone- 
cious. Scales of the staminate flower shield-shaped, with 3-6 
anther-cells. Fertile flowers with 3-6 fleshy scales which 
unite into a berry-like, 1-3-seeded fruit. Leaves awl-shaped 
or scale-shaped. 
1. J. communis, L. Juniper. A low, spreading shrub (one 
variety prostrate in circular masses). Leaves linear-awl-shaped, with 
needle-like points, each marked with a distinct stripe of bloom along 
the center of the upper surface, borne in whorls of three. Fruit a 
dark blue aromatic berry, + in. or more in diameter. Grows in dry 
pastures and on sterile hillsides N. 
2. J. virginiana, L. Rep Crepar, Savin. Ranges in size and 
shape from a low, rather erect, shrub to a conical tree 90 ft. high. 
Leaves of two kinds, those on the rapidly growing shoots awl-shaped 
and pointed, those on the shortest twigs scale-shaped, obtuse, or 
nearly so, and closely appressed to the stem. Fruit small, bluish, 
with a white bloom. Found all the way from British America to 
Florida. Wood soft, fragrant, reddish, exceedingly durable in the 
ground, valued for the manufacture of moth-proof chests and espe 
cially for lead-pencils. — 
