20 FOUNDATIONS OF BOTANY 
CLASS ILl.— ANGIOSPERMS. 
Plants with a closed ovary, in which the seeds are matured. 
Cotyledons 1 or 2. 
SUBCLASS I.—MONOCOTYLEDONOUS PLANTS. 
Stems with the fibro-vascular bundles scattered among the 
parenchyma cells; in perennial plants no annual rings of 
wood. Leaves usually parallel-veined, alternate, nearly 
always entire. Parts of the flower generally in threes 
(never in fives). Cotyledon 1. 
2. TYPHACEZ. CatT-TAIL FAmILty. 
Perennial marsh or aquatic plants. Rootstock stout, creep- 
ing; stem simple, cylindrical, erect. Leaves simple, strap- 
shaped, sheathing at the base, nerved and striate. Flowers 
moncecious, in a single terminal spike, staminate part of the 
spike uppermost, each part subtended by spathe-like deciduous 
bracts; perianth of fine bristles ; staminate flowers sessile ; 
stamens 2-7. Filaments connate, subtended by minute bracts ; 
pistillate flowers short-pediceled. Ovary 1-—2-celled ; styles 
1-2. Fruit small, nut-like.* 
TYPHA, Tourn. 
Characters of the family. 
1. T. latifolia, L. Car-rart. Stem erect, jointed below, 5-8 ft. 
high. Leaves nearly as long as the stem, about 1 in. wide, netted 
and witha bloom. Spike cylindrical, dark brown or black ; staminate 
portion above the pistillate, usually without any interval between 
them, each 4-8 in. long and about 1 in.indiameter. Fruit furrowed. 
Common in marshes and shallow ponds.* 
