MONOCOTYLEDONOUS PLANTS 39 
XIX. MAIANTHEMUM, Wigg. 
Stem low. Leaves 2—3, lanceolate or ovate, with a heart- 
shaped base. Flowers small, white, solitary, or in a simple 
raceme. Perianth 4-parted. Stamens 4. Ovary 2-celled. 
Stigma 2-lobed. 
1. M. canadense, Desf. Two-LEAVED SOLOMON’s SEAL, WILD 
LILY-OF-THE-VALLEY. Plant 3-6 in. high. Leaves very short- 
petioled. Fruit a globular or ovoid berry, whitish, with brownish- 
red blotches. Woods and shaded banks N. 
XX. STREPTOPUS, Michx. 
Herbs with forking stems from a creeping rootstock. Leaves 
clasping. Flowers small, borne singly or in pairs on peduncles 
which arise above the leaf-axils and which are sharply bent 
or twisted near the middle. Anthers arrow-shaped. Ovary 
3-celled, ripening into a red, many-seeded berry. 
1. S. amplexifolius, D.C. Liver-Berry. Stem smooth, 2 ft. or 
more high. Leaves smooth-margined. Flowers greenish-white. 
Damp woods. 
2. S.roseus, Michx. LiveR-BERRY,JACOB’s LADDER. Branches 
with a few bristly hairs. Lower leaves margined with fine bristles. 
Flowers reddish or purplish. Cold, damp woods N. 
XXI. POLYGONATUM, Tourn. 
Rootstock creeping, jointed, scarred. Stems simple, erect, 
scaly below, leafy above. Leaves alternate, oval, or oblong. 
Flowers on axillary, 1-4-flowered, drooping, jointed peduncles. 
Perianth tubular, 6-cleft. Stamens 6, included, inserted about 
the middle of the tube. Anthers arrow-shaped. Ovary 
d-celled, many-ovuled, style slender, stigmas knobbed or 
3-lobed. Fruit a few-seeded berry.* 
1. P. biflorum, Ell. Harry Sotomon’s SEAL. Stem simple, erect, 
arched, nearly naked below, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves 2-ranked, sessile 
or clasping, 3—7-nerved, smooth above, pale and downy beneath. 
Peduncles short, 1-4, often 2-flowered. Perianth greenish, 1-2 in. 
long. Filaments thread-shaped, roughened. Berry dark blue. 
Shady banks.* 
