MONOCOTYLEDONOUS PLANTS 41 
3. T. erectum, L. Squawroot, BENJAMIN. Rootstock rather 
upright, large and stout. Leaves broadly diamond-shaped, tapering 
to a short point. Pedicel 1-3 in. long, not quite erect. Petals ovate 
to lanceolate, much broader than the sepals, of a rich brownish- 
purple or sometimes white or pale. Stigmas distinct, stout, and 
spreading. The disagreeable scent of the flower has given rise to 
several absurd popular names for it. In rich woods. 
4. T. grandiflorum, Salisb. LARGE-FLOWERED WAKE-ROBIN. 
Rootstock horizontal, stem slender, 12-18 in. high. Leaves rhombic- 
ovate, taper-pointed at the apex, rounded and sessile or slightly 
peduncled at the base, smooth and with a bloom, 5-7-nerved, bright 
green. Peduncle longer than the erect or slightly declined flower. 
Sepals lanceolate-acute, 1-14 in. long. Petals white, fading to pink, 
longer than the sepals. Stamens less than half the length of the 
petals. Style short, stigmas recurved. Fruit a black, roundish berry. 
In rich woods.* 
5. T. nivale, Riddellh Dwarr Waite Tritium. Plant 2-4 in. 
high. Leaves petioled, oval to ovate. Flower white, erect. Petals 
4-11 in. long, ovate-spatulate. Rich, damp woods, blooming with 
the very earliest spring flowers. 
6. T. erythrocarpum, Michx. PainTep Tritiium. Plant 8-12 
in. high. Rootstock oblique to the rest of the stem, rather small; 
roots long and fibrous. Leaves ovate, taper-pointed. Petals white, 
penciled at the base, with purple stripes, lance-ovate, somewhat 
recurved, wavy. Cold woods, especially N. 
XXIV. SMILAX, Tourn. 
Mostly woody vines, usually with prickly stems, climbing by 
tendrils. Rootstock often large and tuberous. Leaves alter- 
nate, prominently nerved, netted-veined, petioled, stipules 
replaced by persistent tendrils. Flowers regular, diccious, 
small, greenish, in axillary umbels. Perianth bell-shaped, 
segments 6. Stamens 6, distinct. Ovary 3-celled, 3-6-ovuled, 
stigmas 1-3, sessile or nearly so. Fruit a 1-6-seeded globose 
berry. 
1. S. herbacea, L. CARRION-FLOWER. Stem herbaceous, erect, 
simple or branched, not prickly, 1-3 ft. high. Leaves few, ovate, 
acute, and mucronate at the apex, somewhat heart-shaped at the 
base, 5—7-nerved, thin, smooth above, downy below, the upper some- 
times whorled and the lower bract-like ; petiole short. Peduncles as 
long as the leaves, growing from below the petiole. Umbel many- 
flowered, flowers carrion-scented. Berry blue-black, 2—4-seeded. Dry, 
fertile soil.* 
