52 FOUNDATIONS OF BOTANY 
spike-like, each pair of flowers subtended by a deciduous 
bract, and each flower by a persistent bractlet which becomes 
large and leaf-like in fruit; ovary 2-celled, 2-ovuled; stigmas 
2, thread-like. Fruit a small angular nut.* 
1. C. caroliniana, Walt. Hornpeam. A small tree with smooth 
and close gray bark; twigs slender. Leaves ovate-oblong, acute or 
taper-pointed, sharply and doubly serrate, the straight veins terminat- 
ing in the larger serrations; downy when young and soon becoming 
smooth. Staminate catkins 1-14 in. long. Pistillate catkins long- 
peduncled, 8-12-flowered ; bractlets becoming nearly 1 in. long, cut- 
toothed, the middle tooth much longer than the others. In rich, 
moist woods. Often known as “blue beech” and “ iron-wood.” * 
Il. OSTRYA, Micheli. 
Small trees with gray bark and very hard wood. Leaves 
open and concave in the bud and somewhat plaited on the 
veins. Staminate flowers on slender, drooping catkins, sessile 
at the end of the growth of the previous season; stamens 
3-12, subtended by a bract, filaments forked, anthers hairy. 
Pistillate flowers surrounded by a tubular bractlet which 
becomes large and bladder-like at maturity. Fruit a small, 
pointed, smooth nut; mature catkins hop-like.* 
0. virginica, Willd. A small tree with brownish, furrowed bark ; 
leaves ovate, acute, doubly serrate, often inequilateral at the base, 
short-petioled ; staminate and fertile catkins 2-3 in. long. In rich 
woods. Often known as “iron-wood” and “ lever-wood.” * 
Ill.. CORYLUS, Tourn. 
Shrubs with prominently veined, cut-toothed leaves which 
are folded lengthwise in the bud. Flowers expanding before 
the leaves. Staminate flowers in slender, drooping catkins ; 
stamens 8, anthers 1-celled. Fertile flowers several in a 
cluster or in very short catkins at the ends of the twigs of 
the season; ovary incompletely 2-celled, style short, stigmas 
2, bractlets 2, becoming enlarged and enclosing the single 
bony nut at maturity.* 
1. C. americana, Walt. Hazretnut. A shrub 2-5 ft. high, young 
twigs and petioles covered with brownish, stiff hairs. Leaves not 
