58 FOUNDATIONS OF BOTANY 
B. Fruit annual; leaves not bristle-tipped, though often 
mucronate. 
6. Q. alba, L. Wuuite Oak. A large tree with light gray bark. 
Leaves obovate-oblong, 3—9-lobed, lobes rounded and mostly entire, 
bright green above, paler below, short-petioled. Cup hemispherical, 
scales rough, woolly when young, but becoming smooth with age; 
acorn oblong-ovate, about 1 in. long. Common in damp soil; wood 
strong and durable; one of the most valuable timber trees.* 
7. Q. stellata, Wang. Post Oax. A tree of medium size with 
rough gray bark. Leaves broadly obovate, deeply lyrate-pinnatified 
into 5-7 rounded, divergent lobes, upper lobes much the longer, 
smooth above, yellowish-downy beneath, petioles about 1 in. long. 
Cup hemispherical, nearly sessile ; acorn ovoid, 2-3 times as long as 
the cup. On dry soil; wood hard and valuable. 
8. Q. macrocarpa, Michx. Bur Oax. A medium-sized to very 
large tree, with roughish gray bark. Leaves obovate or oblong, 
lyrately and deeply sinuate-lobed, smooth above, pale or downy 
beneath. Cup very deep and thick, abundantly fringed about the 
margin, 3 in. to 2 in. in diameter. Acorn, half or more [sometimes 
entirely] enclosed by the cup. Reaches its full size only on rich 
bottom lands S. and W., where it becomes one of the finest timber 
oaks. Wood very hard and heavy. 
9. Q. lyrata, Walt. Swamp Oak. A large tree with gray or 
reddish bark. Leaves obovate-oblong, deeply pinnatifid, lobes 
narrow, often toothed, thin, smooth above, white, densely woolly 
beneath. Cup round-ovate, scales cuspidate, enclosing nearly the 
whole of the depressed-globose acorn. On wet soil; wood strong 
and very durable.* 
10. Q. prinus, L. Swamp Cuestnut Oak. A large tree with 
brown, ridged bark. Leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate, rather ob- 
tuse, crenately toothed, minutely downy beneath, petioles slender, 
about 1 in. long. Cup hemispherical, peduncles longer than the 
petioles, scales acute, tubercular, appressed ; acorn oblong, acute, 
1 in. or less in length, edible. Common on low ground. Wood 
strong and valuable.* 
11. Q. Muhlenbergii, Engelm. YrELLow Cuestnut Oak. A 
tree of medium or large size with gray bark. Leaves oblong or 
oblanceolate, usually acute at the apex and obtuse or rounded at the 
base, coarsely and evenly toothed; veins straight, impressed above 
and prominent beneath ; petioles slender. Cup hemispherical, sessile 
or short-peduncled, with flat scales, } in. broad, enclosing about half 
the ovoid acorn, which is 2-3 in. long. Common on dry soil, wood 
close-grained, durable, and valuable. 
12. Q. virginiana, Mill. Live Oak. A large tree with rough 
