60 FOUNDATIONS OF BOTANY 
1. U. americana, L. Wuitr Erm. A large tree with gray bark, 
drooping branches, and smooth or slightly downy twigs. Leaves 
oval or obovate, abruptly taper-pointed at the apex, obtuse and 
oblique at the base, slightly rough above, soft downy or soon smooth 
beneath. Flowers in close fascicles, peduncles slender, smooth. 
Fruit oval or obovate, with 2 sharp teeth bending toward each 
other at the apex, wing reticulate-veined, downy on the margin. 
In moist, rich soil. A widely planted ornamental tree; wood 
strong but warping badly, and not durable when exposed.* 
2. U. alata, Michx. Wincep Exo. A small tree with branches 
corky-winged. Leaves small, ovate-lanceolate, acute, sharply serrate, 
base nearly equal-sided, rough above, downy beneath, nearly sessile. 
Flowers in small clusters. Fruit oblong, downy on the sides, ciliate 
on the edges. On rich soil. Occasionally producing a second set of 
flowers and fruit from September to November.* 
3. U. fulva, Michx. Siirppery Erm. A tree of medium size 
with rough downy twigs, and rusty, densely woolly bud-scales. 
Leaves large, thick, very rough above, downy beneath, ovate or 
obovate, taper-pointed at the apex, unsymmetrical, obtuse or some- 
what cordate at the base, coarsely and doubly serrate, calyx-lobes 
and pedicels downy. Fruit broadly oval, downy over the seed, the 
wing smooth. Inner bark very fragrant when dried, and a popular 
domestic remedy.* 
II. CELTIS, Tourn. 
Trees or shrubs with entire or serrate, petioled leaves. 
Flowers greenish, axillary, on wood of the same season, the 
staminate in small clusters, the fertile single or 2-3 together.* 
1. C. occidentalis, L. HAcksBerry. A large or medium-sized 
tree having much the appearance of an elm, bark dark and rough. 
Leaves ovate, taper-pointed at the apex, abruptly obtuse and inequi- 
lateral at the base, sharply serrate, often 3-nerved from the base, 
smooth above, usually somewhat downy below. Fruit a small, dark 
purple stone fruit. On rich soil. . 
2. C. mississippiensis, Bosc. SouTHERN HAcKBERRY. A tree 
usually smaller than the preceding, bark gray, often very warty. © 
Leaves broadly lanceolate or ovate, long taper-pointed at the apex, 
obtuse or sometimes heart-shaped at the base, entire or with very 
few serratures, smooth on both sides, 3-nerved. Fruit a purplish- 
black, globose stone fruit.* 
