DICOTYLEDONOUS PLANTS 89 
Stamens in 3 or 4 circles of 3 each, the anthers opening by 
valves. Style single. Fruit a 1-seeded berry or stone-fruit. 
I. SASSAFRAS, Nees. 
A tree with rough, yellowish bark and a spreading top. 
Leaves deciduous, entire or 2—3-lobed. Flowers dicecious, in- 
volucrate, at the end of the twigs of the previous season. 
Calyx 6-parted, persistent in the pistillate flowers. Stamens 
9,in 3 rows. Pistillate flowers with 4-6 abortive stamens 
and a single ovary. Fruit a stone-fruit.* 
1. S. officinale, Nees. Sassarras. A tree, usually small and 
slender, but sometimes with a trunk 3 ft. in diameter and 125 ft. 
high. Leaves oval, entire, mitten-shaped or 35-lobed, downy when 
young but becoming smooth with age, dark green above, paler 
below, petiolate. Racemes several in a cluster, peduncled ; flowers 
yellow. Stamens about as long as the sepals. Fruit dark blue, 
ovoid, on thickened, red pedicels. All parts of the tree aromatic ; 
trees producing pistillate flowers rare. Common. The wood is 
valuable for cabinet-making, and an aromatic oil is extracted from 
the bark.* * 
Il. LINDERA, Thunb. 
Shrubs ; leaves deciduous, entire. Flowers in lateral, 
sessile clusters, appearing before the leaves, dicecious or 
somewhat moneecious. Involucre of 4 scales. Stamens 9 in 
the staminate flowers, filaments slender. Pistillate flowers 
with 12-15 abortive stamens and a single globose ovary with 
a short style.* 
1, L. Benzoin, Blume. Spice Busu. A shrub, 5-15 ft. high, 
with smooth bark and slender twigs. Leaves oblong-obovate, acute 
at the base, pale and downy beneath, becoming smooth when old ; 
petioles short. Flowers about as long as the pedicels, yellow, very 
fragrant. Ovary about as long as the style. Fruit an obovoid, red 
stone-fruit about 4 in. long, on a slender pedicel. Banks of streams 
and damp woods. Twigs and leaves quite aromatic.* 
388. PAPAVERACEZ. Poppy FAmity. 
Annual or perennial herbs, often with milky juice. Leaves 
sometimes all radical, stem-leaves usually alternate without 
