DICOTYLEDONOUS PLANTS 91 
IV. PAPAVER, Tourn. 
Annual or perennial herbs with milky juice. Stem erect, 
smooth, or rough-hairy, branching above. Leaves more or 
less lobed or dissected. Flower-buds nodding, flowers showy. 
Sepals commonly 2, falling off as the flower opens. Petals 
4-6. Stamens many. Stigma disk-like, ovules many, borne 
on many inwardly projecting placente.* 
1. P. somniferum, L. Opium Poppy. Annual; stem erect, 
branched above, smooth and witli a bloom, 2-3 ft. high. Leaves 
oblong, irregularly lobed or cut, sessile, clasping. Flowers nearly 
white, with a purple center, large and showy, on long peduncles. 
Capsule globose, seeds minutely pitted. About old gardens and 
waste places. Cultivated in southern Asia, where the juice of the 
capsules is dried to make opium.* 
2. P. dubium, L. Corn Poppy. Annual; stem slender, branch- 
ing, 1-2 ft. tall. Leaves pinnatifid, the lower petioled, the upper 
sessile. Flowers large and showy, usually red; capsule long- 
obovoid, smooth. In cultivated ground. Both the species named 
are often cultivated in gardens and produce double flowers.* 
3. P. orientale, L. Orrentat Poppy, A large, rough-hairy 
perennial. Leaves large, deep green, almost pinnate. Flower very 
large, deep red. Cultivated from the eastern Mediterranean region. 
4. P. nudicaule, L. IceLAnpD Poppy. A delicate but rough- 
hairy perennial plant. Leaves all radical, pale, pinnately cut. 
Flowers yellow-orange or white, borne singly on rather slender, 
hairy scapes. Cultivated from Europe. 
V. DICENTRA, Borkh. 
Smooth, delicate herbs with watery juice. Leaves com- 
pound in threes and finely cut. Flowers racemed, nodding. 
Sepals 2, small and scale-like. Petals 4, shghtly united to 
form a heart-shaped or 2-spurred corolla (Fig. 12), the inner 
pair spoon-shaped, enclosing the stamens and pistil. Stamens 
6; the filaments somewhat united into 2 sets, and the anthers 
in 2 sets close to the stigma. Stigma 2-crested. Pod 10—20- 
seeded. 
1. D. Cucullaria, DC. Durcuman’s BreEecnes, BREECHES 
Fiower. A low, stemless perennial, with a delicate scape and a 
cluster of root-leaves with linear divisions from a sort of bulb made 
