DICOTYLEDONOUS PLANTS EES 
times few or wanting. Leaves thick, oval or obovate, shining above, 
paler below, obtuse or acute, and sharply serrate at the apex, wedge- 
shaped and entire at the base. Corymbs terminal, many-flowered, 
smooth; fiowers about 4 in. wide; styles 1-3 ; fruit red, subglobose, 
4 in. in diameter. Common in open woods.* 
4, C. spathulata, Michx. SMALL-FRUITED Haw. A small tree, 
young twigs densely downy; spines 1-2 in. long; leaves small, 
spatulate, crenate at the rounded apex, entire and wedge-shaped 
below, leathery, smooth; stipules crescent-shaped; corymbs com- 
pound, many-flowered; flowers small; calyx-lobes very short; styles 
5; fruit red, about the size of a small pea. On river banks.* 
5. C. flava, Ait. YELLow Haw. A small tree with very numer- 
ous spines ; leaves obovate, glandular-serrate at the rounded apex, 
cuneate below, downy when young; petiole short; corymbs few- 
flowered, slightly downy; flowers 4-3 in. wide ; calyx-lobes entire 
or glandular-serrate ; styles 4-5; fruit pear-shaped, $ in. or more in 
length, greenish-yellow. On sandy soil.* : 
VII. RUBUS, L. 
Mostly prickly shrubs, producing runners. Leaves alter- 
nate, simple or compound; stipules adnate to the petiole. 
Flowers in terminal and axillary clusters, rarely solitary, 
white (in one American species [No. 1] purple rose-color). 
Calyx free from the ovary, with a broad tube ; its lobes 5, 
persistent. Petals 5. Stamens many. Carpels many, distinct, 
on a convex receptacle. Fruit a cluster of little 1-seeded 
stone-fruits on a dry or somewhat juicy receptacle. 
A. RASPBERRIES. 
Grains of the fruit, when ripe, falling off from the receptacle and 
leaving the latter with the calyz. 
1. Rubus odoratus, L. FLowrrinc RaAspperry (often wrongly 
called MuLBeRry). Stems shrubby and rather stout, 3-5 ft. high, 
not prickly, the young shoots, peduncles, and calyx covered with 
sticky glandular hairs. Leaves large, simple, 3—5-lobed. Flowers 
showy, rose-purple, 1-2 in. in diameter, on many-flowered pedun- 
eles. Fruit flattish, eatable. Rather common E. and N. and often 
cultivated. 
2. R. triflorus, Richardson. Dwarr RaspsBerry (also wrongly 
known as Murserry). A slender trailing plant, almost entirely 
herbaceous, not prickly but sometimes bristly. Leaves compound, 
