Hi3 FOUNDATIONS OF BOTANY 
usually of 3 but sometimes of 5 thin ovate-lanceolate, frequently 
unsymmetrical leaflets, which are coarsely doubly serrate and often 
cleft or lobed, with a shining upper surface. Flowers small, on 1-3- 
flowered peduncles. Fruit of a few loosely cohering grains, eaten 
by children. Common, especially N., in hilly woods, otten forming 
a dense carpet in the partial shade of pines. 
3. R. occidentalis, L. Brack RaspBerry. Stems long and 
slender, often recurved and rooting at the tips, armed with weak, 
hooked prickles. Leaves petioled, 3-5 ovate leaflets, coarsely ser- 
rate, white-downy below. Flowers white, in compact terminal 
corymbs. Pedicels erect or ascending. Fruit black, hemispherical, 
separating easily from the receptacle. Common on borders of 
woods Mo. and N., widely cultivated.* 
4. R. strigosus, Michx. Rep Raspperry. Stems widely branch- 
ing, biennial, not rooting at the tips, armed with weak bristles and 
with a few hooked prickles. Leaves petioled, of 3-5 ovate leaflets 
which are sharply serrate and sometimes lobed, downy beneath. 
Flowers in terminal and axillary racemes and panicles, pedicels 
drooping. Fruit hemispherical or conical, red, separating easily 
from the receptacle. Common on mountains and burned clearings. 
Iowa and N. and widely cultivated.* 
B. BLACKBERRIES. 
Grains of the ripe fruit falling from the calyx along with the soft, 
eatable receptacle. 
5. R. nigrobaccus, Bailey. HicguH Biackprerry. Stem shrubby, ~ 
erect or bending, 4-10 ft. high, glandular-downy above and with 
stout, hooked prickles below. Leaves petioled, of 3-7 ovate leaflets 
which are acute, irregularly serrate, smooth or soft-hairy. Flowers 
in terminal, bracted panicles. Petals white, obovate, much longer 
than the taper-pointed sepals. Fruit large, black, oblong. Common 
in thickets.* 
6. R. villosus, Ait. Low BLACKBERRY, DEWBERRY. , Stems 
shrubby, trailing widely, from 3-10 ft. long, somewhat prickly. 
Leaflets usually 3, but sometimes 5 or 7, ovate, acute, sharply (and 
doubly) cut-serrate, thin. Racemes upright on the short branches, 
1-3-flowered. Fruit roundish, of fewer and larger grains than No. 5, 
very sweet when fully ripe. Common N., in stony or gravelly fields. 
7. R. cuneifolius, Purshe Sanp BLackBerry. Stem shrubby, 
erect or diffuse, 2-3 ft. high; prickles straight or recurved. Leaves 
petioled, 3-5-foliate; leaflets obovate, serrate towards the apex, 
wedge-shaped towards the base, rough above, white downy-woolly 
beneath. Racemes mainly terminal, few-flowered. Petals white, 
