114 FOUNDATIONS OF BOTANY 
X. POTENTILLA, L. 
Perennial herbs, rarely shrubs. Leaves compound; stipules 
adnate to the petiole. Flowers white or yellow, rarely red ; 
solitary or in cymes. Calyx free from the ovary, 5-cleft, with 
5 little bracts alternating with its lobes. Petals 5. Stamens 
many. Carpels usually many, on a dry convex or concave 
receptacle ; styles falling off from the akenes as they mature. 
1. P. arguta, Pursh. Upricnut Cinquerort. An erect, stout 
hairy plant, 1-4 ft. high. Root-leaves long-petioled, pinnate. Stem- 
leaves few, each of 3-7 leaflets, the latter broadly ovate and cut- 
toothed or serrate, downy underneath. Flowers large, in dense 
terminal clusters; the petals whitish or cream-color. Rocky hills. 
2. P. canadensis, L. Common CINQUEFOIL. Stems slender, pro- 
cumbent, silky-hairy, sending out long runners. Leaflets obovate 
wedge-shaped, appearing like 5 from the divisions of the 2 lateral 
ones. Peduncles 1-flowered in the axils of the leaves. Flowers 
yellow. Common in dry pastures and a troublesome weed. 
3. P. argentea, L. Sitvery CinquEroiL. Stems prostrate or 
ascending and branching, woolly. Leaflets oblong, wedge-shaped, 
those of the upper leaves very narrow, with a few large, deeply cut 
teeth, smooth and green above, silvery beneath, with a dense coat of 
white wool. Flowers small and somewhat clustered, yellow. Dry 
fields and roadsides. 
XI. GEUM, L. 
Erect perennial herbs. Radical leaves crowded, pinnate, 
with a very large terminal leaflet. Flowers and fruit much 
as in Potentilla, but the akenes tailed with the remains of the 
styles. 
1. G. album, Gmelin. Wuitre Avens. Stem erect, branching 
above, smooth or finely downy, 18-24 in. high. Radical leaves pin- 
nate, or the earliest simple and rounded, long-petioled, serrate or 
dentate, terminal lobe larger than the lateral lobes; stem-leaves 
short-petioled, 2—5-lobed or parted. Flowers on slender peduncles. 
Petals white, not longer than the sepals. Styles jointed near the 
middle, the lower portion persistent and hooked. Ovaries and recep- 
tacle hairy, head of fruit globose. Rich woods.* 
2. G. virginianum, L. Stem 2-3 ft. high, stout and bristly 
hairy. Lower leaves and root-leaves pinnate, varying greatly; upper 
leaves mostly of 3 leaflets or 3-parted. Petals white or pale yellow, 
