DICOTYLEDONOUS PLANTS 115 
small, shorter than the calyx-lobes. Heads of fruit large, on stout, 
hairy peduncles ; the receptacle nearly or quite smooth. Borders of 
woods and damp thickets. 
3. G. rivale, L. Water AveENns, PurpPLE AvENS, CHOCOLATE 
Root. Stem 13-2 ft. high, somewhat downy or hairy, simple or 
nearly so. Root-leaves lyrate and somewhat pinnate, with the divi- 
sions irregular ; stem-leaves few, of 3 leaflets or 3-lobed. Flowers 
rather large. Petals purplish-yellow, as long as the brownish-purple 
calyx-lobes. Styles long, purplish; stigmas thread-like, feathered 
with soft hairs, especially in fruit. Wet meadows. 
XII. ROSA, Tourn. 
Erect, running or climbing prickly shrubs. Leaves pinnate, 
leaflets serrate, stipules adnate to the petiole. Calyx-tube 
urn-shaped, with a rather narrow mouth. Petals (in single 
roses) 5. Stamens many, inserted around the inside of the 
mouth of the calyx-tube. Ovaries many, hairy, ripening 
into bony akenes, enclosed in the rather fleshy and sometimes 
eatable calyx-tube. 
1. R. blanda, Ait. Earty Witp Rose. Stems 1-3 ft. high, 
usually without prickles ; stipules broad. Flowers generally large, 
corymbed or solitary ; sepals after flowering closing over the mouth 
of the calyx-tube and persistent. Rocks and rocky shores. 
2. R. carolina, L. Swamp Rose. Stems 4-8 ft. high, with 
stout and generally recurved prickles. Stipules long and narrow; 
leaflets commonly downy beneath, finely serrate. Flowers several in 
a corymb, bright rose-color. Sepals spreading and falling off after 
flowering. Damp woods and borders of swamps. 
3. R. lucida, Ehrhe Dwarr Witp Rose. Stems varying in 
height from less than a foot to 6 ft., with stout, somewhat hooked 
prickles. Stipules rather broad; leaflets small, thickish and glossy 
above, coarsely toothed toward the tip. Flowers corymbed, or soli- 
tary, pale rose-color. Sepals spreading and falling off after flower- 
ing. Moist ground and swamps. 
4. R. humilis, Marsh. Pasture Rose. Stem erect, branched, 
usually armed with stout stipular prickles and with bristles, but 
sometimes nearly smooth, 1—3 ft. tall. Leaves mostly of 5 leaflets ; 
stipules entire; leaflets oblong-lanceolate or oval, shining above, 
pale beneath, sharply serrate. Flowers solitary or 2-3 together, 
2-3 in. broad, pink. Peduncles and calyx glandular-downy. Calyx- 
lobes leaf-like, spreading, finally deciduous. Styles distinct. Fruit 
globose, bristly hairy. On dry soil; our most common wild rose. S.* 
