DICOTYLEDONOUS PLANTS 133 
1. L. virginianum, L. Witp FiLax. Stem rather slender, erect 
and cylindrical; branches cylindrical. Leaves small, varying from 
oblong to lanceolate or spatulate, the lower often opposite. Flowers 
small, yellow. Capsules flattened at right angles te the pedicels. 
Dry woods and pastures. 
2. L. usitatissimum, L. Common Fax. Stem erect, with 
corymbed branches at the top. Leaves narrowly lanceolate. Flowers 
handsome, large, blue. Cultivated for the fiber, From Europe; 
introduced here to some extent. 
51. RUTACEZ. Rve Famity. 
Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate, compound, without 
stipules, marked with translucent dots. Flowers perfect or 
variously imperfect. Sepals and petals 3-5 or none; petals 
hypogynous or perigynous when present. Stamens as many 
or twice as many as the sepals, inserted on the glandular disk. 
. Pistils 2-5, often partially united. Fruit a capsule, a key- 
fruit, or in the important genus Citrus (orange, lemon, lime, 
etc., not here described) a leathery-skinned berry, the outer 
part of the skin containing many spherical oil-cavities.* 
I. XANTHOXYLUM, L. 
Trees or shrubs ; bark, twigs, and petioles usually prickly ; 
leaves odd-pinnate, marked with translucent dots. Flowers 
in axillary or terminal cymes or umbels, moncecious or 
dicecious. Sepals and petals 5-5 or none. Stamens 3-5, 
hypogynous. Pistils 2-5, distinct. Carpels 2-valved, 1-—2- 
seeded. Seeds smooth and shining.* 
1. X. americanum, Mill. NorTHERN PrickLy AsH, TOOTHACHE- 
TREE. A prickly shrub, 8-12 ft. high, with aromatic bark. Leaves 
pinnately compound; leaflets ovate-oblong. Flowers small and 
greenish, in axillary umbels, appearing before the leaves. Petals 
4-5. Pistils 3-5, the styles slender. Pods rather globose, somewhat 
more than + in. in diameter, roughish, borne on a short stalk above 
the receptacle, with a strong scent of lemon and tasting at first 
aromatic, then burning. Rocky woods, ravines, and river banks. 
