138 FOUNDATIONS OF BOTANY 
above, pale and downy beneath. Panicle often large and spreading ; 
flowers somewhat moneecious. Fruit red, hairy, acid. Open woods.* 
2. R. typhina, L. StraGHorn Sumac. A small tree, 20-40 ft. 
high; branches and petioles closely velvety-hairy. Leaves odd-pin- 
nate, leaflets 17-27, lanceolate-oblong, taper-pointed at the apex, 
very obtuse at the base, sharply serrate, smooth above, pale and 
downy beneath. Flowers somewhat moneecious, in dense terminal 
panicles. Fruit red, with crimson hairs. Dry hillsides N. and E.* 
3. R. Toxicodendron, L. Porson Vine, Porson Ivy, Mercury, 
Brack Mercury. Stem a woody vine climbing high by aerial 
rootlets, or sometimes short and erect. Leaves petioled, of 3 leaflets, 
downy; leaflets ovate or oval, taper-pointed, entire or somewhat 
dentate, often angled or lobed. Flowers dicecious, in loose axillary 
panicles. Fruit nearly white, smooth. Common in open woods and 
along fences. Plant poisonous to the touch.* 
4. R. venenata, L. Poison Sumac, Porson DoGwoop. A very 
smooth shrub with gray bark, 6-18 ft. high. Leaves large and 
glossy, with 7-13 obovate-oblong, entire leaflets. Flower-clusters 
loosely-flowered, axillary panicles. Fruit smooth, greenish-yellow. 
Swamps and wet openings in woods N. and E. Plant more poison- 
ous than the preceding species. 
55. AQUIFOLIACEZ. Hotty Famiry. 
Trees or shrubs. Leaves simple, alternate, petioled; stip- 
ules small or wanting. Flowers small, greenish, clustered 
or solitary in the axils, usually dicecious. Calyx 4~9-parted. 
Petals 4-9, somewhat united at the base. Stamens inserted 
in the tube of the corolla and alternate with its lobes. Ovary 
free, 4—9-celled, with a single ovule in each cell. Fruit a 
berry-like stone-fruit, 4-9-seeded.* 
LEX, 1. 
Small trees or shrubs. Leaves usually leathery, often per- 
sistent and evergreen; stipules minute. Flowers axillary, 
4-9-parted, the fertile often solitary and the staminate clus- 
tered. Fruit a stone-fruit with 4-9 nutlets.* 
1. I. opaca, Ait. Hoxzty. Trees with smooth, light-colored bark, 
and hard, very white wood; young twigs downy. Leaves leathery, 
oval or ovate, margin prickly-toothed, dark green and shining 
