144 FOUNDATIONS OF BOTANY 
I. BERCHEMIA, Necker. 
Shrubs ; stems twining or erect. Leaves alternate, promi- 
nently pinnate-veined, stipules minute. Flowers in axillary 
or terminal panicles, or rarely solitary. Calyx-tube hemi- 
spherical, 5-lobed. Petals 5, sessile, concave, as long as the 
calyx. Ovary 2-celled, half-inferior; stigmas 2. Fruit an 
oval, 2-seeded stone-fruit.* 
1. B. volubilis, DC. Supprie-sack, RATTAN-VINE. Woody, often 
twining high; older bark yellowish, twigs purple, wood very tough. 
Leaves ovate or oval, acute or obtuse, cuspidate at the apex, 
rounded at the base, wavy on the margins, green above, pale beneath. 
Flowers in small panicles. Fruit purple. In moist woods and along 
streams S.* 
Il. RHAMNUS, L. 
Leaves alternate, deciduous. Flowers in small, axillary 
cymes, often imperfect. Petals 4-5 or wanting. Stamens 4 
or 5, very short. Stone-fruit, 2—4-seeded. 
1. R. lanceolata, Pursh. A tall shrub. Leaves with short peti- 
oles, taper-pointed or somewhat obtuse, very variable in size, smooth 
or nearly so above, more or less downy beneath, finely serrate. 
Flowers 2 or 3 together in the axils, greenish, about 3 in. in diame- 
ter, usually dicecious, appearing at the same time as the leaves. 
Calyx 4-lobed. Petals 4. Stamens 4. Fruit black, about } in. in 
diameter. Hills and river banks. 
2. R. caroliniana, Walt. Carox~ina BuckTHorn. A small tree 
with black bark and very hard wood ; twigs finely downy. Leaves 
alternate, prominently veined, elliptical to broadly oval, entire or 
obscurely serrate, smooth or sometimes downy below ; petioles slen- 
der, downy. Flowers in axillary, peduncled umbels; petals minute. 
Fruit globose, 3-1 in. in diameter, 3-seeded. Seeds smooth. On 
river banks.* 
Il. CEANOTHUS, L. 
Shrubs. Leaves alternate, petioled. Flowers perfect, in 
terminal panicles or corymbs formed of little umbel-like clus- 
ters. Calyx-tube top-shaped or hemispherical, with a 5-lobed 
border. Petals 5, with hoods, on slender claws. Stamens 9, 
filaments long and thread-like. Fruit dry, 3-lobed, splitting 
when ripe into 3 carpels. 
