DICOTYLEDONOUS PLANTS 145 
1. C. americanus, L. New Jersey Tra, Rep Root. Shrub, 
with many branching stems, 1-3 ft. high, from a deep red root. 
Leaves 1-3 in. long, ovate or nearly so, acute or taper-pointed at the 
tip, obtuse or somewhat heart-shaped at the base, downy beneath, 
serrate, 3-nerved. Flowers small, white. 
62. VITACEZ. VINE FAMILY. 
Shrubs, with the stem swollen at the insertion of the peti- 
oles and climbing by tendrils borne opposite the leaves. 
Leaves alternate, with stipules simple or compound. Flowers 
small, greenish, generally in clusters, borne in similar posi- 
tions to the tendrils, hypogynous or nearly so. Sepals, petals, 
and stamens 4-5. Carpels 2, each 2-ovuled. Calyx very 
small. Corolla deciduous, the petals often hooded. Stamens 
opposite the petals. A disk inside the calyx bears nectar and 
its lobes alternate with the stamens. Fruit a berry. 
I. VITIS, Tourn. 
Climbing woody vines; stems with tumid joints, climbing 
by tendrils opposite some of the leaves. Leaves simple, 
palmately veined or lobed; stipules small, soon deciduous. 
Flowers mostly somewhat moncecious or dicecious. Petals 
often united at the apex and not expanding. Stamens in- 
serted between the lobes of the disk. Ovary usually 2-celled, 
4-ovuled. Fruit juicy, 1-4-seeded.* 
1. V. labrusca, L. Fox Grave. Stems climbing high, often 
1 ft. or more in diameter ; bark shreddy, coming off in long strips, 
young branches woolly. Leaves broadly heart-shaped, more or less 
deeply 3-5-lobed, mucronate-dentate, very woolly when young, 
becoming smooth above. Panicles of pistillate flowers compact, of 
staminate flowers looser. Fruit about 3 in. in diameter, dark pur- 
ple or sometimes nearly white. In rich woods E., S., and SW. Many 
of the cultivated varieties, Concord, Niagara, etc., have been devel- 
oped from this species.* 
2. V. estivalis, Michx. SummeR Grape. Stem climbing high ; 
bark shreddy. Leaves broadly heart-shaped, 3-5-lobed, the lobes 
dentate, notches rounded, white-woolly when young, often nearly 
smooth when old; tendrils or panicles opposite 2 out of every 3 
