146 - FOUNDATIONS OF BOTANY 
leaves, panicles long and slender. Fruit dark blue, small, very acid. 
In rich woods E. and S.* 
3. V. cordifolia, Michx. Frost Grapr, CHICKEN GRAPE. 
Leaves rather smooth, thin, and shining, either not lobed or some- 
what 3-lobed, heart-shaped, with the notch at the base deep and 
acute, taper-pointed, with large, sharp teeth. Flower-clusters large 
and loose. Grapes shining black, very sour, not ripening until after 
frosts; seeds 1 or 2, rather large. Moist thickets and banks of 
streams S. 
4. V. rotundifolia, Michx. Muscapine Grape. Stem climbing 
high; joints short ; bark not shreddy ; wood very hard, often pro- 
ducing long, aerial roots. Leaves orbicular, heart-shaped at the 
base, coarsely toothed, nearly or quite smooth. Panicle small. 
Grapes few in a cluster, large. The original form of the Scupper- 
nong grape S.* 
Il. AMPELOPSIS, Michx. 
Woody vines, climbing by tendrils and rootlets. Leaves 
palmately compound. Flowers in compound cymes, perfect 
or somewhat moneecious. Petals 5, distinct, spreading ; disk 
none. Stamens 5. Ovary 2-celled, 4-ovuled. Fruit a 1-4- 
seeded berry, not edible.* 
1. A. quinquefolia, Michx. VirGINIA CREEPER. WOoDBINE. 
Stem usually climbing high, but sometimes short and prostrate, 
often producing many adventitious aerial roots which assist the vine 
in holding to a support; tendrils usually terminating in flat, adhesive 
disks. Leaves palmately compound, of 5 oval leaflets, coarsely and 
unevenly toothed above, usually entire below, smooth or slightly 
downy. Cymes large and spreading when mature; pedicels red. 
Berries small, dark blue. Common in rich woods.* 
2. A. tricuspidata, Sieb. and Zucc. JAPANESE Ivy, Boston Ivy. 
A freely branching, hardy climber. Tendrils numerous, branching 
with closely adhesive disks. Leaves occasionally with 3 leaflets, but 
usually with only one, which is jointed with the main petiole and 
in autumn falls before the petiole; leaflet 3-lobed or only scalloped, 
roundish-ovate or heart-shaped, rather thick and shining. Culti- 
vated from Japan. 
68. TILIACEZ. LInpeENn FAmIty. 
Trees or shrubs, rarely herbs. Leaves alternate, with 
stipules. Flowers perfect in cymes, the latter usually in 
