160 FOUNDATIONS OF BOTANY 
or spatulate. Fruit smooth, roundish, notched at both ends, 
the two carpels touching only at top and bottom, each with 
5 slender ribs. 
1. E. bulbosa, Nutt. HARBINGER oF SprRING, TuRKEY PEA, 
PEPPER-AND-SALT. Stem scape-like, with a leaf which forms an 
involucre to the flower-cluster. Petals white, anthers brown-purple. 
A pretty, though inconspicuous plant ; welcomed as one of the earliest 
spring flowers S. 
IV. OSMORRHIZA, Raf. 
Perennials, springing from stout, aromatic roots. Leaves 
compound in threes. Flowers white, in compound umbels. 
Calyx-teeth wanting. Fruit linear or nearly so, tapering at 
the base, with 5 equal bristly ribs, without oil-tubes. 
1. O. brevistylis, DC. Harry Sweer Cicrety. Rather stout 
and hairy, especially when young, 14-3 ft. high. Lower leaves on 
long petioles, large, twice compound in threes, the divisions ovate or 
oval, cut-toothed, upper leaves nearly sessile, less compound. Umbels 
with long peduncles and spreading rays. Style and its enlarged 
base somewhat conical. Root nauseous. Rich woods. 
2. 0. longistylis, DC. Smoors-LEAvVED SweEet CiceLty. Much 
like No. 1 in general appearance. Smooth or nearly so. Style 
rather thread-like. Root of a pleasant aromatic flavor (as is also 
the fruit). Woods. 
Caution. So many plants of this family have actively poisonous - 
roots and foliage that it is unsafe for any one but a botanist, who 
can distinguish the poisonous species from the harmless ones, to 
taste them. 
V. CARUM, L. 
Herbs, with slender, smooth stems. Leaves pinnately com- 
pound, smooth. Umbels compound. Flowers white or yel- 
lowish. Calyx-teeth minute. Fruit smooth, oblong or ovate, 
with thread-like ribs ; oil-tube single in the intervals between 
the ribs; base of the styles thickened into a conical mass. 
1. C.Carui,L. Caraway. Perennial. Leaves large, with the leaf- 
lets cut into numerous thread-like divisions. Flowers white. Fruit 
aromatic, used somewhat in this country and more in N. Europe for 
flavoring cookies, bread, ete. Introduced from Europe. 
