162 FOUNDATIONS OF BOTANY 
leaved. Petals white, inversely heart-shaped, the outer ones 
usually 2-cleft and larger. Calyx with 5 small teeth. Fruit 
tipped with a thick, conical enlargement of the style, with 
three blunt ribs on the outer surface of each carpel and a 
large oil-tube in each interval between the ribs. Seeds flat. 
1. H. lanatum, Michx. Cow Parsnip. Stem grooved and woolly, 
4-8 ft. high. Leaflets petioled, broad, deeply and irregularly toothed. 
X. DAUCUS, L 
Annual or biennial, bristly-hairy herbs. Leaves pinnately 
twice or more compound, the divisions slender. Umbels com- 
pound, many-rayed. Flowers small, white. Calyx-teeth slen- 
der or wanting. Petals notched, the point bent inward, often 
unequal. Fruit ovoid or ellipsoid, with rows of spines. 
1. D. Carota, L. Common Carrot. Erect, 1-3 ft. high, with a 
conical, fleshy, orange-colored root. Lower and root-leaves 2-3 
pinnate. Central flower of each umbel and sometimes of each 
umbellet larger and very dark purple, with the corolla irregular. 
Cultivated from Europe for the edible roots; also introduced in 
pastures and meadows and along roadsides E. 
73. CORNACEZ. DoGgwoop Famity. 
Shrubs or trees, rarely herbs. Leaves opposite or alter- | 
nate, without stipules. Flowers small, regular, variously 
clustered. Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary ; limb of the calyx 
very short. Petals 4-5, borne on the margin of a disk on top 
of the ovary. Stamens 4-5, inserted with the petals. Ovary 
1—4-celled, with one ovule in each cell; style 1. Fruit (in 
our species) a 1—2-celled and 1—2-seeded stone-fruit. 
I. CORNUS, Tourn. 
Trees, shrubs, or herbs. Leaves usually opposite. Flowers 
in forking cymes, or in umbels or heads, each with an invo- 
lucre, white or yellow. Calyx-teeth4. Petals 4. Stamens 4. 
Ovary 2-celled. Stone-fruit, ovoidal or ellipsoidal, the stone 
2-celled. 
