164 FOUNDATIONS OF BOTANY 
clustered at the ends of the twigs, long-petioled, oval, acute at the 
apex and often at the base, minutely toothed, pale and covered with 
fine, appressed hairs beneath; cymes loose and open. Flowers white. 
Fruit deep blue. Banks of streams.* 
Il. NYSSA, L. 
Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, petioled, entire or few- 
toothed. Flowers somewhat moncecious or dicecious, the 
staminate in many-flowered heads or cymes, the pistillate in 
small clusters or solitary. Calyx-tube 5-toothed or truncate. 
Petals minute or wanting. Stamens 5-10. Ovary 1-celled, 
1-ovuled ; style long and recurved. Fruit a 1-seeded stone- 
fruit. 
1. N. sylvatica, Marsh. Buiack Gum. A tree with widely 
spreading branches and dark, rough bark, wood light-colored, very 
tough, base of trunk often enlarged. Leaves often clustered at the 
ends of the twigs, oval or obovate, taper-pointed or obtuse at the 
apex, entire, smooth and shining above, downy beneath, becoming 
bright red in autumn. Staminate flowers in heads. Pistillate 3-10 
in a long-peduncled cluster, Fruit ovoid, dark blue or nearly black, 
4 in. long, stone slightly ridged. In rich, wet soil S. and E.* 
2. N. uniflora, Wang. Turreto. A large tree, similar to the 
preceding. Leaves long-petioled, oval or ovate, acute at each end, 
entire or coarsely toothed, the lower sometimes heart-shaped, smooth 
above, downy beneath, 4-8 in. long. Staminate flowers in heads. 
Pistillate flowers on long peduncles, solitary, _Fruit ovoid, dark blue, 
stone sharply ridged. In swamps S. and E.* / 
74. PYROLACEZ. Pyrora FAmMILyY. 
Perennial herbs, evergreen or else pale and without chlo- 
rophyll. Petals usually free from each other and falling off 
separately after flowering. Stamens hypogynous, the anthers 
without appendages and opening by pores or by a transverse 
slit. Fruit a capsule containing a great number of very small 
seeds. 
I. CHIMAPHILA, Pursh. 
Low plants, nearly herbaceous, with reclining stems, from 
long, horizontal, underground shoots. Leaves opposite or 
