DICOTYLEDONOUS PLANTS 175 
78. OLEACEZ. OLIVE FAMILY. 
Shrubs or trees. Leaves opposite, simple or odd-pinnate, 
without stipules. Flowers in forking cymes, small, white or 
greenish, perfect or imperfect. Calyx free from the ovary, 
4-lobed or wanting. Corolla hypogynous, regular, 4-parted or 
of 4 separate petals, sometimes wanting. Stamens 2, borne 
on the petals or hypogynous. Ovary 2-celled. Fruit 1-2- 
celled, each cell 1-seeded, rarely 2-seeded. 
I. FRAXINUS, Tourn. 
Deciduous trees. Flowers dicecious. Petals wanting (in 
our species). Stamens 2, hypogynous. Fruit a 1—2-celled 
key, each cell 1-seeded. 
1. F. americana, L. Wuite Asu. A large tree; bark rough, 
gray ; wood hard, strong, elastic ; twigs and petioles smooth. Leaflets 
usually 7, ovate to ovate-lanceolate, taper-pointed at the apex, rounded 
or obtuse at the base, entire or slightly serrate, smooth above, often 
downy beneath, short-stalked. Flowers mostly dicecious. Calyx of 
the pistillate flowers persistent. Key 14-2 in. long, winged only 
at the apex; wing spatulate or oblanceolate. In rich woods and 
swamps.* 
2. F. pubescens, Lam. Rep Asu. A small tree; bark rough, 
dark gray; twigs and petioles densely velvety-downy. Leaflets 5-9, 
oblong-ovate to ovate-lanceolate, taper-pointed at the apex, narrowed 
into a short stalk at the base, finely serrate, smooth above, velvety- 
downy beneath. Calyx of the pistillate flowers persistent. Key 14— 
2 in. long, the wing somewhat extended along the sides, oblanceolate 
or spatulate, often notched. Swamps and moist soil.* 
3. F. platycarpa, Michx. Water Asu. A small tree; wood 
soft, light and weak; twigs smooth or downy. Leaflets 5-7, ovate 
or elliptical, acute at the apex, acute or obtuse at the base, entire or 
slightly serrate, smooth or slightly downy, stalked. Flowers dic- 
cious. Calyx persistent. Key often 3-angled or 3-winged, wings 
running nearly to the base, oblong or oval, pinnately veined. In 
swamps and wet soil.* 
4, F. quadrangulata, Michx. Biur Asu. A large tree, with wood 
heavy, but not as tough as No. 1; the most vigorous twigs usually 
square. Leaflets 7-9, with short stalks, somewhat ovate or lanceolate, 
acute, sharply serrate. Fruit winged to the base, of nearly the same 
width throughout, narrowly oblong. Rich woods, especially W. 
