192 FOUNDATIONS OF BOTANY 
hairs. Root-leaves lanceolate or oblong, petioled, 4-8 in. long; 
stem-leaves sessile, acute, rounded at the base. Flowers showy, 
reddish-purple in the bud, changing to bright blue. A very trouble- 
some weed, especially in fallow fields. Introduced from Europe. 
86. VERBENACEZ. VERBENA FAMILY. 
Herbs, shrubs, or trees. Leaves opposite or whorled, with- 
out stipules. Flowers irregular, in bracted cymes. Calyx 
free from the ovary, cleft or toothed. Corolla free from the 
ovary, tubular, usually more or less 2-lipped. Stamens usually 
4,2 long and 2 short, inserted on the corolla-tube. Ovary 
usually 2-4-celled (in Phryma 1-celled), with the style spring- 
ing from its summit. 
I. VERBENA, Tourn. 
Annual or perennial herbs. Leaves simple, opposite, ser- 
rate or pinnately lobed. Flowers in terminal spikes which 
become much elongated in fruit. Calyx tubular, 5-ribbed, 
5-toothed. Corolla salver-form or funnel-form, the tube often 
curved, bearded in the throat, limb spreading, 5-lobed, often 
somewhat 2-lipped. Stamens 4, 2 long and 2 short, rarely 
only 2, included. Ovary 2-4-celled, 2—4-ovuled; style slen- 
der, 2-lobed. Fruit 2-4 smooth or roughened, 1-seeded nut-— 
lets. [Several of the commonest species are tall, coarse herbs 
which blossom too late for school study. |* 
1. V. officinalis, L. EUROPEAN VERVAIN. Annual; stem erect, 
slender, nearly or quite smooth, branching, 1-3 ft. high. Leaves 
ovate to obovate in outline, pinnately lobed or divided, narrowed 
and entire toward the base, downy beneath ; petioles margined. 
Spikes several, very slender; flowers small, purple, bracts shorter 
than the calyx. In fields and waste places; introduced from 
Europe.* 
2. V. angustifolia, Michx. NARROW-LEAVED VERVAIN. Peren- 
nial, rough-hairy ; stem simple, or branched below, from a creeping 
base, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves lanceolate to spatulate, obtuse and toothed 
at the apex, tapering to a sessile base. Spike peduncled, slender, 
close-flowered ; bracts about the length of the calyx. Corolla purple, 
tube slightly curved, } in. long. In dry, open woods. * 
